地下共构场站灾害应变管理策略研究——以台北车站为例

台北车站为多项交通运输工具共构连结的交会中心,并且与地下街、百货商场相连通,成为一个融合新旧结构、空间的站体。然为了满足转乘旅客与周边商场连通之需求,场站内部动线错综复杂。一旦发生灾害,将酿成大量人员伤亡及财物损失,引发社会负面舆论与批判,影响国际形象。因此,基于共构空间之实际应变作业情境需求,本研究透由台北车站共构空间之管理体系与运作机制检讨以及火害分析、烟控模拟及人员避难安全分析结果,对比定轨系统场站设计的世界性基准NFPA 130,进一步说明台北车站此一共构场站其防灾应变管理作业现况不符合火灾境况及安全目标需求的原因,以作为未来类似空间设计之借镜。本研究并就人流避难、空间安全设计、消防抢救及应变作为等不同层面,提出既存场站及新建场站安全应有之作为。     

台北盆地深开挖大规模群井抽水试验三维水文地质分析

基于台北盆地大量且大范围之地质钻探及地下水量测资料,并应用3D有限差分地下水流分析程序GMS内建之MODFLOW模块,尝试建立台北盆地之区域水文地质概念模型(regional hydrogeological conceptual model)。此概念模式藉由台北捷运深开挖中之大规模群井抽水试验结果验证其正确性及适用性。同时,抽水试验中之地下水位泄降量等资料亦被使用于景美砾石层受限(confined)含水层水力参数之分析及评估。最后,边界效应、补注及垂直渗流(leakage)亦将进行初步探讨,做为后续类似工程之参考。     

国道210线树林召至东胜段公路改建工程地质问题分析

以国道210线树林召-东胜段公路改建工程为研究对象,经过现场地质调查,从地形地貌、区域构造、地层特点及路基填料适应性等方面对其进行宏观地质评价。本研究对附近地质背景相近的公路建设项目评价有一定借鉴意义。     

A trace metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) balance for surface waters in the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea

Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are  0.5–1.3 years for Pb;  2–11 years for Zn,  7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected.     

台湾地下空间利用现状

随着城市建设的不断发展,土地的取得日益困难,节约土地及土地资源有效利用成为全世界城市发展的必然趋势。如台北车站特定专用区,原早期规划用于地面的轨道交通及长途巴士,因台北市的快速发展,已严重影响城市交通,故政府于30多年前一次性地将铁路以及尚处于规划阶段的捷运、高铁等轨道交通先规划于地下空间,再先后依序完成,并利用部分地下空间规划商业及人行通道。另外,于地面规划立体长途巴士转运站,让车辆及行人分别与地面高架道路及地下空间连通,此空间的整合不但使运输量庞大的轨道交通有效地利用于地下空间,且减少长途巴士对地面空间的冲击,使旅客及行人能于地下空间无缝对接,增加通行的便利及安全,创造另类的地下经济。台湾由于地狭人稠,为配合经济发展,对土地的利用相当精致,特以台湾经验论述之,就教诸先进。     

乐清湾港池试挖槽回淤监测

乐清湾为典型强潮海湾,具有潮差大、潮流强、风浪掩护条件好、含沙量较小的特点。试挖槽回淤监测表明,正常天气情况下回淤强度不大,且冬、夏季基本相当。通过“莫拉克”台风期间的回淤监测,以及工程区沉积水动力环境和泥沙来源分析判断,台风对乐清湾港池淤积的影响较小,港池发生骤淤的可能性不大,乐清湾具备“浅水深用”的建港条件。     

Evolution of the open-sea eddy ALGERS'98 in the Algerian Basin with Lagrangian trajectories and remote sensing observations

The westward evolution of an open-sea anticyclonic eddy along the western Algerian Basin is shown, for the first time, by means of 15 buoy trajectories and remote sensing observations. For 3 months, the buoy trajectories described several anticyclonic loops in periods of 4–21 days. The eddy's movement, translation, and rotation were separated with a kinematic model, resulting in a mean translation speed of 2 km/day, which fits the self-propulsion speed predicted on theoretical models for isolated eddies on a beta plane. Fluctuations in translation speed were associated with advection of the mean flow and topographic interactions. Both mechanisms changed the eddy's horizontal shape from circular to elliptical, inducing fluctuations in its swirl velocity and solid-body rotation. The initial stage of the eddy is an isolated asymmetric dipole, comprised by a small cyclone and a large anticyclone, the latter generated from a frontal instability, which under the Coriolis term acquires anticyclonic relative vorticity. During its first days of life, the anticyclonic eddy was shallow Ro=0.9 and small (diameter less than 50 km). Later on, it reached a diameter of 150 km and a vertical structure of 3 km (Ro=0.1). A retrospective analysis with infrared images shows that the eddy's generation took place at about 3–4°E. Then, the eddy completed a counterclockwise circuit never before reported in other studies and ended up at the entrance of the Algerian Basin, where the interaction with the topography and the coastal instability induced its decay. The eddy's life span was 10 months. Computations of the heating rate following clusters of buoy trajectories show fluctuations throughout the eddy's journey, induced by advection and a seasonal warming.     

长江上游流域径流年内分配特征分析

根据长江上游主要测站径流资料,分析了年内分配不均匀系数、集中度和集中期、变化幅度等特性。分析站点包括金沙江屏山站、岷江高场站、嘉陵江北碚站、长江上游干流寸滩站及乌江武隆站。结果表明:北碚站的不均匀性要大于其它站点;北碚站集中性最大,而武隆站最小;武隆站的径流集中期大部分为6月下旬,其它站集中期在7—8月;北碚站的相对变化幅度要大于其它站点,而屏山站最小。进一步应用Kendall秩次相关法分析各站的径流年内分配特征年际变化情况,发现高场站的不均匀性系数、集中度、相对变化幅度存在明显减少趋势。     

台湾捷运概览

简要介绍台湾台北、高雄两市的捷运系统,包括规划、建设、运营、开发、文化建设等情况。     

台北捷运线网规划及便捷设计理念

介绍台北捷运既有运营线网、运营成果及未来线网规划,重点分析车站换乘设计及开发特点,发现在投资等条件允许的前提下,优先选用双线同台双层平行换乘设计理念,可以大大提高换乘效率;以捷运车站和地下街为基础开发多元化附加产业,不仅增加盈余,还可向乘客提供多元化服务。随后介绍台北捷运的运营计划、多种票务制度以及人性化设计细节,指出多种交通方式间的"转乘优惠"措施可以有效提高公共交通的利用率。最后结合台北捷运的便捷设计理念,提出大陆城市轨道交通在换乘车站设计、多元化附加产业开发、人性化设计细节等方面的建议。