Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

铁路500m长钢轨生产工艺流程及规模的探讨

针对目前铁路焊轨基地的实际,对长钢轨焊接工艺进行说明,通过工艺流程示意图,详细介绍铁路500 m长钢轨生产的工艺流程。原料为100、25 m钢轨时,分别计算日生产长钢轨能力,从而确定年生产规模。根据生产能力和实际调研,确定原料轨存轨台、长钢轨时效台、长钢轨成品台、工位规模及辊道线间距,为将来新建或改建长钢轨焊接基地提供数据参考。     

探讨在区间设置无人值班通信机械室的设计要求

随着铁路运输的迅猛发展，特别是安全技术装备和信息技术的发展，介绍了在区间设置无人值班通信机械室的必要性，并对在区间设置无人值班通信机械室的一般要求、设计要求及工艺要求进行了探讨。     

385叶滤机液压系统的分析设计与技术改造

385叶滤机的动力机构是一种自动化程度较高的液压动力直行程自动执行机构,采用叠加阀组控制。本文论述了该产品的液压控制原理、结构设计方案以及应用分析。     

乘用车传动系与底盘的技术特征

通过对全球乘用车传动及底盘结构进行统计分析,给出了乘用车驱动方式与车长、手动变速器与车长、自动变速器与车长、前单横臂后扭力梁组合与车长、前单横臂后多连杆组合与车长、前双横臂后多连杆组合与车长、装空气弹簧车辆与车长关系的统计数据。论述了乘用车不同车身形式所采用的弹性元件与稳定杆类别,以及乘用车所采用的不同制动方式。     

汽车覆盖件设计中的工艺性校核

车身覆盖件的开发是车身开发的难点之一,工艺性校核是汽车覆盖件设计过程中的重要环节.本文结合工作实际对汽车覆盖件设计过程中的工艺性校核问题进行了深入地探讨,并基于德国Autoform软件.介绍了汽车覆盖件的验证流程,同时,阐述了某汽车覆盖件工艺性校核的具体方法和优势.结合工作实践提出了一些汽车覆盖件设计过程中应注意的工艺性原则,从而最大限度地降低汽车的生产成本.     

Environmental innovation and the role of stakeholder collaboration in West Coast port gateways

The paper explores the role of stakeholder collaboration in the adoption of innovations as part of the environmental and sustainability agenda of port gateways. We do this through a comparative assessment of the port of Vancouver, British Columbia, and the twin ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. An inductive research approach is used to identify and assess the initiation and implementation process behind exemplary innovations. Innovation includes new technologies and processes for handling and moving cargo, mechanisms for planning and policy making, as well as financing, implementing, upgrading, managing and operating infrastructure systems. A relatively new arena for competition on the basis of innovation concerns environmental performance. The conceptual framework and empirical evidence suggest that while there may be intense demand for and supply of innovation in port gateways, the complex dynamics of the logistics chain are such that successful innovation requires conscious involvement and collaboration of stakeholders.     

摩托车发动机气门和气门座圈密封性能不良的工艺分析及对策

通过工艺分析发现,引起缸头泄漏的主要原因是气门座圈加工工序的夹具系统和刀具系统存在不足,导致气门座图形位误差难以保证,使该工序能力指数达不到要求,整机一次装配合格率过低。通过采取有效措施,使某型号发动机缸头燃烧室密封性能超差问题得到了根本解决。     

对摩托车车架焊接变形的研究

摩托车车架大多采用复杂管和板式焊接结构,车架焊接后往往会出现焊接变形、内部产生焊接应力等,不但直接影响整车装配及整车性能,还会降低车架结构的承载能力,降低焊接接头和车架的疲劳强度而引发事故。如何保证摩托车车架的结构尺寸、形状精度及强度是车架生产中最大的问题,尤其是在大排量摩托车开发设计中尤为重要。只有对焊接进行全过程控制,采取有效的设计和工艺措施控制焊接变形,并对超出公差要求的焊接变形进行矫正,才能达到和保证车架尺寸精度和装配要求。     

浅析FTA在摩托车重要部品中的应用

常用的可靠性分析有故障模式、影响及危害性分析(FMEA)和故障树分析(FTA)两种.用FTA来解决设计开发时重要部品的重要性能问题和生产过程中重要工艺参数的质量控制,对提高我国摩托车重要部品和整车的可靠性能具有重要的指导和现实意义.