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姜连青 《铁路通信信号工程技术》2010,7(6):61-65
无线通信不仅应满足城市轨道交通内部专用运营管理和业务需求,而且应提供公共移动通信服务,方便人民群众。那么,除了必须设置专用无线通信系统外,如何引入民用无线通信系统、如何避免相互影响以及系统设备共用等问题的解决,将保证无线通信质量的要求,避免无线通信系统的无序、重复建设和浪费资源。 相似文献
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研究目的:近年来我国轨道交通建设事业迅猛发展,但功率因数问题一直是困扰轨道交通供电系统的重要问题,常常导致电力部门的高额罚款。为提高功率因数,需对无功补偿方案进行研究。在分析国内城市轨道交通供电系统无功补偿现状的基础上,通过对整个供电系统综合功率因数的分析计算,研究几种无功补偿方案,并最终确定一种新的综合无功补偿方案。研究结论:城市轨道交通线路的无功补偿方案应根据自身供电系统的实际情况,并通过综合功率因数分析计算或实测分析,来综合考虑采用高压、低压侧相结合的无功补偿方案;在条件允许时,建议采用主所设SVG+各车站变电所0.4 kV侧设APF的综合补偿方案。 相似文献
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讨论轨道交通系统的安全问题。在规划台湾高雄捷运红橘线时,就已考虑在整个生命周期内建立安全管理系统,符合EN50126的标准;在制定兴建运营合约时,就要求在高雄捷运红橘线兴建及运营期间必须实行安全管理,并且在合约内制定安全风险标准(包括可忍受及不可忍受的安全风险水平、执行安全管理过程所需程序等),以确保风险降为"低到合理且实际可行"的情况。重点介绍安全管理系统中的安全管理过程,包括危害辨识、危害分析、风险分析与评估、风险处理等过程,并说明高雄捷运红橘线的安全管理过程。 相似文献
5.
Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed. 相似文献
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Public transit systems with high occupancy can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to low-occupancy transportation modes, but current transit systems have not been designed to reduce environmental impacts. This motivates the study of the benefits of design and operational approaches for reducing the environmental impacts of transit systems. For example, transit agencies may replace level-of-service (LOS) by vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a criterion in evaluating design and operational changes. In previous work, we explored the unintended consequences of lowering transit LOS on emissions in a single-technology transit system. Herein, we extend the analysis to account for a more realistic case: a transit system with a hierarchical structure (trunk and feeder lines) providing service to a city where demand is elastic. By considering the interactions between the trunk and the feeder systems, we provide a quantitative basis for designing and operating integrated urban transit systems that can reduce GHG emissions and societal costs. We find that highly elastic transit demand may cancel emission reduction potentials resulting from lowering LOS, due to demand shifts to lower occupancy vehicles. However, for mass transit modes, these potentials are still significant. Transit networks with buses, bus rapid transit or light rail as trunk modes should be designed and operated near the cost-optimal point when the demand is highly elastic, while this is not required for metro. We find that the potential for unintended consequences increases with the size of the city. Our results are robust to uncertainties in the costs and emissions parameters. 相似文献
7.
Donghyung Yook 《运输规划与技术》2015,38(8):935-953
In this paper, the crowding effect in a transit vehicle is modeled in a time-expanded network that considers the daily variation in passenger flows. The study models the daily variation of in-vehicle crowding in a real large-scale transit system. A transit assignment for this real network is modeled and implemented by constructing a crowding cost function that follows the valuation of crowding and by using the reliable shortest path finding method. The direct application of the crowding model to a real network for the Utah Transit Authority indicates that crowd modeling with multi-user classes could influence public transportation system planning and affect the revenues of transit agencies. Moreover, the addition of the disutility factor, crowding, does not always appear to cause an increase in disutility for transit users. 相似文献
8.
通过对比分析的方法,将伦敦曾经面临过的与国内大中城市正面临的城市交通问题进行对比,研究了英国交通发展的历史,伦敦公交发展现状,着重研究了伦敦公交优先政策实施的主要措施.提出,公交优先是多种公共交通模式并存的优先发展,实现公交优先,需要整合各种交通基础设施,并将城市用地、交通需求管理和可持续性的公共交通三者结合起来共同考虑.最后,对提升现有常规公交的服务水平提出了5点具体建议. 相似文献
9.
The rapid expansion of many Chinese cities has put increasing pressure on existing urban transportation systems. Using Baidu users’ location data, this research analyzes the spatial patterns of the transit systems and commuter flows in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China, and identifies transit deserts affecting low-income commuters. The results show that, first, most transit demand are generated by trips between neighboring communities, while large transit supply tends to occur between distant communities in the region. Second, about 11.21% of low-income commuters are affected by transit deserts in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. In detail, 61.30% of them commute within the city centers and 36.06% of them commute within the suburbs. Only about 2.64% of them actually travel between city centers and suburbs. Third, for low-income suburban commuters, transit deserts occur when they are surrounded by low-density transit infrastructure and low-frequency transit services, which makes it very difficult for them to connect to rest of the region. However, for low-income commuters residing in the city centers, transit deserts are mainly caused by the large numbers of transit-dependent people competing for limited transit supply in the areas. This research explores the relationship between transit systems and commuting demand in a major Chinese metropolitan area. The findings could help guide future transit system planning in China and beyond. 相似文献
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Ehab I. Diab Ahmed M. El-Geneidy 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(3):614-625
Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service. 相似文献