挥鞭伤及相关法规研究

为降低在低速追尾碰撞中乘员颈部受到的挥鞭伤害,文章对挥鞭伤生成原理、E-NCAP及C-NCAP挥鞭伤试验的评价方法进行了研究,并依据E-NCAP中等强度动态试验标准,对普通头枕及Re-active头枕进行试验对比,从结果评价中可看出,Re-active头枕在头枕接触时间、颈部伤害指标NIC、Nkm及上颈部剪切力4方面均优于普通头枕,试验结果总得分也高于普通头枕,说明Re-active头枕能够在低速尾碰过程中更有效地保护乘员头颈部。     

座椅设计参数对低速尾撞中乘员颈部伤害影响的仿真研究

在MADYMO环境下建立包括座椅、座椅安全带、BIORIDⅡ假人的尾撞仿真模型,应用MADYMO及AUTODOE对座椅设计参数及座椅平动吸能机制对低速尾撞中乘员颈部损伤指标的影响进行了研究。模拟结果表明,座椅靠背铰旋转刚度、椅背屈服力矩、椅背接触刚度等参数对乘员头颈部响应的影响显著,通过适当的座椅参数设计可以达到降低尾撞中乘员损伤几率的目的。同时,座椅整体平动吸能对座椅尾撞安全性能的提高也在模拟中得到了验证。     

The risk of whiplash-induced medical impairment in rear-end impacts for males and females in driver seat compared to front passenger seat

The objective of this study was to study whiplash injury outcome in front-seat occupants in rear-end impacts using double paired comparison technique. The combination of gender, seated position, and outcome was analyzed. Folksam, a Swedish insurance company, has a database of whiplash injuries. A questionnaire was used to collect study data. The response rate was 81%. The inclusion criteria included medical impairment one year after the impact, as judged by medical specialists. The study included rear-end impacts between 1990 and 1999 that resulted in at least one permanent neck injury impairment; in total, 430 impacts with 860 occupants and 444 impairments. Of those suffering impairment, 302 were female and 142 male; 235 were seated in the driver's seat and 209 in the front passenger seat. Relative risk estimates for impairing whiplash injury, by gender and seated position:

1.

Driver male (DM)/passenger female (PF) relative risk = 0.5 n = 218     

基于2021版和2015版C-NCAP的某驾驶员座椅鞭打试验对比分析及改进

通过对比2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验评价规程和评分原则,总结了两个版本之间的异同点.搭载BioRID II假人模型对同一批次的某驾驶员座椅分别进行2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验,并对比了在不同版本评价规程下试验后假人颈部的伤害情况,找出失分的主要因素,为厂家进行驾驶员座椅设计提供了相对应的改进...     

Effects of head restraint and vehicle damage severity on neck injury risk

Domestic automobile insurance claims were investigated to correlate the driver neck injury risk with the safety rating of the head restraint, the severity of vehicle damage, and other human factors. The results of our statistical analysis reveal that the risk of neck injury for the driver is significantly different for vehicle size, use, driver gender, driver age, impact direction, accident location, and safety rating of head restraint, depending on vehicle the damage level which is assumed to imply impact severity during a rear-end crash accident. One of the unique findings from domestic insurance claims from low-speed rear-end crash accidents is the frequent reports of lower back injury together with whiplash. Thus, the risk of lower back discomfort is also included in this statistical analysis.