Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

浅埋大跨度隧道的合理施工工法

采用平面弹塑性有限单元法研究浅埋大跨度隧道的合理施工工法。以实际施工中拟定的双侧壁导坑加拱部跳挖法为基础,采用开挖分步相同、开挖顺序不同的三种施工工法。工法一和工法二均先开挖左侧壁导坑,再开挖右侧壁导坑,工法一先开挖两边,再开挖中间,工法二先开挖中间,再开挖两边;工法三的左、右两侧导坑同时开挖,拱部土体先开挖中间、再开挖两边。对三种施工工法产生的地面沉降、洞周塑性区及洞周变形通过有限元数值模拟对比分析,认为工法三最为不利,工法一是最优的。但考虑现有施工条件工法二为实际施工过程中拟采用的工法,该工法引起的地面沉降最大值可控制在30mm以内,满足沉降控制及对周围环境保护的要求。研究认为:若地面有建筑物需要保护,应先开挖邻近建筑物一侧的导坑,拱部也应先开挖邻近建筑物一侧的土体。     

Conflict-free arrival and departure trajectory planning for parallel runway with advanced point-merge system

In this paper, an efficient trajectory planning system is proposed to solve the integration of arrivals and departures on parallel runways with a novel route network system. Our first effort is made in designing an advanced Point Merge (PM) route network named Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) to meet the requirements of parallel runway operations. Then, more efforts are paid on finding a complete and efficient framework capable of dynamically modelling the integration of arrival and departure trajectories on parallel runways, modelling the conflict detection and resolution in presence of curved trajectory and radius-to-fix merging process. After that, a suitable mathematical optimization formulation is built up. Receding Horizon Control (RHC) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms are proposed to search the near-optimal solution for the large scale trajectories in routine dense operations. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a study case, the experimental results show that our system shows good performances on the management of arrivals and departures. It can automatically solve all the potential conflicts in presence of dense traffic flows. With its unique ML-PM route network, it can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, an economical climbing for departure aircraft, an easier runway allocation together with trajectory control solutions. It shows a good and dynamic sequencing efficiency in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). In mixed ML-PM mode, under tested conditions, our proposed system can increase throughput at BCIA around 26%, compared with baseline. The methodology defined here could be easily applied to airports worldwide.     

跑道不停航施工组织的数学建模与求解

跑道不停航加铺工程要求在较短的施工周期内完成多项关键施工工序的实施,受到时间周期、资源利用、工序完整性等多方面的制约,因此,科学合理的施工组织方案对于确保工程质量意义重大。该文充分考虑了跑道不停航施工的各种制约因素,分析测算了各道工序的施工时间,基于最优化方法原理,通过施工组织网络图建立了不停航施工组织优化的数学模型。该模型能够灵活地根据所选决策变量定量求解出施工周期内的施工能力,根据时间和资源两方面的约束条件给出资源的合理配置,可为相似工程编制合理的施工组织方案提供参考。     

桩柱水流绕流阻力特性及其计算

为解决工程实际桩基码头与桥墩的水流绕流阻力计算问题,以指导涉及桩基的物理模型试验和数值模拟计算等工作。对桩柱绕流阻力特性及其计算的研究做了详细的回顾、归纳与总结,并通过桩柱阻力测试试验研究,完善和发展了桩柱水流绕流阻力特性及其计算方面的理论,且指出了由于试验条件的限制所导致的研究余漏与有待继续完善之处。     

三维圆柱体绕流数值模拟流场选择及网格划分

文章通过数值模拟结果确定适合的三维圆柱体绕流流场的尺寸,采用不同的计算流体力学(CFD)软件对有限元模型进行网格划分,对比网格划分质量的优劣,选择适合数值模拟的软件CFX。确定采用的网格形式为六面体网格(Hex8)以及流场不同部分网格的尺寸。圆柱绕流展向各截面平均压力系数沿周向无明显变化,脉动压力系数变化显著,绕流后的旋涡发放形式具有明显的三维特性的数值模拟结果验证了本文的流场选择和网格化分尺度的合理性。     

京福高速公路徐州绕城西段煤矿采空区处治研究

京福高速公路徐州绕城西段穿越徐州市北部和西部,要通过富水倾斜的复杂煤矿采空区,经过采用注浆立填法进行处治取得了成功,可为今后类似复杂采空区处理的勘察设计和治理工程提供技术借鉴和指导作用。     

隧道下穿运营机场跑道的爆破振动安全判据研究

以我国第一座采用钻爆法下穿运营机场跑道的隧道恩施金凤大道许家坪隧道工程为依托,开展对机场跑道的爆破动力安全判据的研究。首先基于应力波传播理论及极限拉应力准则,对爆炸应力波传播至机场跑道上表面(即自由面)处发生的反射进行理论分析,建立基于混凝土跑道结构安全的爆破振动速度判据模型,并提出跑道的爆破振动速度安全阈值;同时,基于数值模拟,从统计角度建立拉应力峰值与质点振动速度峰值之间的函数关系,求解得到机场跑道的爆破振动速度安全阈值。最后,将理论分析结果、数值计算分析与《爆破安全规程》进行对比分析,最终确定机场跑道的爆破振动速度安全判据,为在隧道下穿机场跑道爆破施工提供了依据。     

城市轨道交通折返能力的估算及影响因素

重点阐述了站前、站后折返模式下的折返能力的计算方法,并分析了信号系统的选型及参数对折返能力的影响.     

丁坝绕流问题的紊流数学模型

本文应用水深平均k-e紊流模型,采用SIMPLEC计算方法,成功地模拟了丁坝绕流问题,并与相应的试验资料作了比较,计算结果表明该方法适用于模拟有回流存在的复杂水流。同时还探讨了模型中主要参数对回流长度的影响,并对其灵敏度作了分析计算,对参数作了修正,使计算所得的回流长度与实测值更吻合。