Did California’s hand-held cell phone ban reduce accidents?

On July 1st, 2008, California enacted a ban on hand-held cell phone use while driving. Using California Highway Patrol panel accident data for California freeways from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2008, we examine whether this policy reduced the number of accidents on California highways. To control for unobserved time-varying effects that could be correlated with the ban, we use high-frequency data and a regression discontinuity design. We find no evidence that the ban on hand-held cell phone use led to a reduction in traffic accidents.     

Car-free city centres

In a car-free city centre car traffic is limited by an area-wide ban to its functionally necessary share. This usually includes delivery and service vehicles and residents' cars. The lock-out of unnecessary car traffic must not be an isolated measure, but part of a pulland-push approach. The most important supporting measure concerns the provision of attractive public transport services. Case studies from Bologna, Lubeck, Aachen, York, and Nuremburg are reported.     

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针对摩托车交通的快速发展对城市交通带来日益严重的负面影响,国内一些城市对摩托车的发展采取了限制措施。以广州市为例,通过分析“禁摩”后摩托车交通量向其他方式的转移和居民出行方式的变化,研究“禁摩”后交通方式转型期的特点。从公共交通、摩托车出行、货运交通和出租汽车交通等方面分析“禁摩”后交通配套措施存在的不足。结合“禁摩”后交通方式转型期的特点和配套措施存在的不足,提出改善对策和措施建议,包括优化城市功能布局、提升公共交通、出租车服务水平和合理设置摩托车停车场等。本研究为广州市有关交通政策的制定和实施提供依据,也为其他类似城市提供借鉴。     

汽车重金属禁用研究

介绍了重金属的危害和汽车产品重金属禁用的法规要求,提出了重金属禁用与替代材料研究的基本原则,阐明了重金属在汽车产品上的使用情况和替代材料的研发进程,指出重金属禁用的实质性要求是推动材料工业的技术创新,强调了欧盟重金属禁用豁免条款对我国汽车工业技术进步的指导性作用。     

Traffic Countermeasures Research for Guangzhou City in Traffic Mode Transferring Period after “Motorcycle Forbidden Ban” Effect

In view of the increasingly serious traffic problems caused by motorcycles, several large and medium-sized cities in China implemented motorcycle forbidden ban. Taking Guzngzhou city as an example, the paper summarizes the major characteristics of the traffic mode transferring period. Meanwhile, the travel volumes transfering from motorcycles to other modes are estimated and the changes of residents' travel mode choice are analysed. Then, the existing problems of urban traffic are pionted out from the aspects such as public transit, motorcycle travel, freight transport, and taxi transport. Finally, some applicable countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems existing in the period of traffic mode transferring. The countermeasures research in this paper provides references for traffic planning and policy making both in Guangzhou and other similar cities.     

基于尾号空间分布的小汽车限行方案优化研究

提出根据各尾号小汽车空间分布特征计算尾号出行OD矩阵的方法,基于公平性原则,构建尾号限行方案优化模型.上层模型以工作日(周一~周五)车辆总走行时间最小为目标,以各工作日每辆小汽车早高峰平均走行时间基本相同且每周各尾号限行次数不大于1为约束,给出限号方案;下层模型基于用户均衡原则分配OD交通量.限号方案与分配结果相互作用,达到均衡状态时可得最优限号组合方案.为验证模型,以D市为例进行实证研究,结果表明,与基于经验的限号方案相比,优化方案下路网通行效率可提高5.35%,工作日车辆总走行时间降低0.894×105h,日均单车走行时间减少4.5 min.     

Getting around a license-plate ban: Behavioral responses to Mexico City’s driving restriction

License-plate-based driving restrictions are among the highest profile policies for local governments to address congestion and air pollution. Cities as varied as Sao Paulo, Paris, Tianjin, and New Delhi have enacted temporary or permanent restrictions to improve local air quality. Using household travel survey data and a research design based on the abrupt shift in how the policy applies to 10-year-old vs. 9-year-old vehicles, we evaluate the impact of Hoy No Circula, one of the earliest and most studied driving restrictions, in Mexico City. In line with previous studies, we find that Hoy No Circula has done little to reduce overall vehicle travel, but we reject the prevailing theory that its lack of success is due to perverse incentives for households to buy second cars. Instead, we highlight the range of other, less costly ways that people adjust behavior to avoid the restrictions. Although no single behavior dominates, most households — particularly those that own older, higher-polluting vehicles — do not use their car every weekday regardless of the restriction. As a result, it is relatively easy to shuffle travel from restricted days to unrestricted days and thus avoid the ban. Shuffling travel days is less costly, more immediately available, and far simpler for most households than buying a second car.     

广州市中山大道BRT试验线交通组织设计与思考

该文主要介绍了中山大道BRT走廊沿线的交通组织设计思路和方法,包括公交车辆、社会车辆、行人和非机动车的有效组织,禁左措施应用和信号相位的优化调整等,并对BRT开通后走廊路段和交叉口的运行情况进行了评价。