城市轨道交通附属资源的商业化开发

城市轨道交通附属资源商业化开发所产生的资源性收益可以有效弥补其公益性服务所产生的效益外部化.结合深圳地铁的经验,介绍了城市轨道交通附属资源的分类,分析了附属资源商业化的积极作用以及附属资源商业化过程中应重点关注的问题.城市轨道交通因其公共产品的属性,存在政策性的经营亏损,因此,附属资源的商业化开发是城市轨道交通可持续发展的重要支撑,需要高度重视,深化研究.     

城市轨道交通最新技术及评定

文章对城市轨道交通系统进行分类、并对其最新发展和商业化运营趋势及其所用的安全评定方法进行了论述.     

Commercially managed road funds: managing roads like a business,not like a bureaucracy

Nearly all countries are seriously short of revenues for investment and maintenance of roads. Improving utilization of the existing road budget has helped to narrow, but not eliminate, this financing gap. Requests for additional resources from the government's budget have fallen on deaf ears, because the road sector has grown too large to be fully-financed through general tax revenues. Government tax systems were not designed to finance major economic sectors like roads. Faced with an acute shortage of funds, many road agencies have introduced tolls on high-volume roads and have invited the private sector to build and operate such roads under concession agreements. Although this has narrowed the financing gap, tolling is only economic on a small part of the road network. Tolls have thus had a relatively small impact on the financing gap. Against this background, and mindful of the fact that roads are now 'big business' on the scale of the Fortune Global 500, a growing number of countries have started to 'bring roads into the market place, put them on a fee-for-service basis and manage them like a business.' The fee-for-service concept, though superficially like the user-pay principle and the associated road funds which became popular during the 1950s, differs from user-pay in a number of important respects. The key differences are that: (i) only road user charges go into the road fund (i.e., there are no earmarked taxes); (ii) the fund is managed by a representative board with half or more members representing road users and the business community; (iii) members are nominated by the constituencies they represent and there is an independent chairperson; (iv) financing arrangements are designed to ensure that money is not diverted from other sectors; (v) funds are managed pro-actively by a small secretariat; (vi) there are published financial regulations governing the way funds are managed; (vii) charges are adjusted regularly to meet agreed expenditure targets; and (viii) there are regular technical and financial audits. Other important characteristics are that most commercially managed road funds are managed through a separate road fund administration, funds are channeled to all roads (sometimes even to unclassified roads) and they are introduced as part of a wider agenda to commercialize road management. Some of these road funds have been set up as road public utilities under a board with powers to set their own tariffs.     

车联网通信技术及应用前景研究

车联网是物联网技术在交通系统领域的典型应用。本文通过研究车联网体系架构,从技术发展、市场应用等角度对比了DSRC及C-V2X两种车联网关键通信技术。最后指出车联网体系构建面临的机遇与挑战,为车联网发展路径提供智力支持。