极端荷载作用下公路桥梁荷载概率模型研究

我国桥梁设计规范中对极端荷载组合系数没有明确的规定,在以结构可靠度为基础的概率极限状态设计法中,由于公路桥梁各种作用比较多且大多随时间变化的范围比较大,各种作用的组合也比较复杂,所以必须选择合理的概率模型才能保证计算出真实合理的结构可靠度。通过查阅文献并结合WIM系统统计的车辆数据分析,建立了公路桥梁永久荷载及其效应概率分布模型;基于Matlab软件,在汽车车重总体服从多峰分布的基础上对实测数据进行训练拟合,建立了汽车荷载效应的概率模型并确定了汽车荷载分级加载方式,为公路桥梁可靠度研究和求解极端荷载组合系数奠定了基础。     

基于挠度理论的自锚式悬索桥受力特性分析

基于挠度理论,分析了矢跨比、边中跨比、加劲梁竖向抗弯刚度、加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对两塔三跨自锚式悬索桥结构受力特性的影响。此外,还讨论了加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的稳定性及其极限跨径。分析结果表明：矢跨比越小,主缆拉力越大、加劲梁的轴向压力也越大,而结构的整体刚度越低;边中跨比越大,结构的整体刚度越低,加劲梁在轴向压力作用下的横向稳定性也越差;主缆抗拉刚度或者加劲梁的竖向抗弯刚度越大,结构的整体刚度越大;加劲梁纵坡和整体升降温对结构受力的影响通常较小,可以忽略不计;自锚式悬索桥的极限跨径由加劲梁的横向第一类失稳及其屈服强度共同控制。     

Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

基于一个二维水弹塑性方法和极限强度评估的集装箱船结构优化研究

海上极端波过去常常导致船舶结构的极限破坏,而船舶的极限崩溃涉及到船体结构的动态极限强度和结构非线性.该文通过二维的水弹塑性方法研究了集装箱船在极端波中的非线性动态强度,该方法考虑了船体的极限强度以及船体结构的非线性和波浪之间的耦合.并通过该二维水弹塑性方法和极限评估方法研究了船体结构的结构优化.文中还通过二次规划法(SQP)来优化基于非线性的动态强度的集装箱船体结构.最少的结构成本是本优化的目标函数,约束条件保证船体的强度要小于结构的极限强度,并且结构设计尺寸要满足规范的要求.随着设计波高的变化,这些优化的设计变量的变化趋势得以发现,一些研究的结论可用于船舶规范的参考.     

深海极限波浪运动特性的简便算法(英文)

本文基于五阶Stokes规则波理论,提出了一种快速求解深海极限波浪运动特性的数学模型.研究中,按照上跨零点和下跨零点的方法由计算或实测的极限波浪波面时间历程确定包含极限波峰或波谷的相邻两个周期的平均值为五阶Stokes规则波的波浪周期,然后根据极限波峰或波谷值反推确定波浪入射波幅.通过与已有的数值结果和实验数据对比,验证了本文所建立的数值模型可以快速准确的计算出极限波浪下的速度场,相比其他模型,更适合于工程应用.     

基于MSP430的低功耗水中低频信号采集系统

为了采集水中低频信号,提出基于MSP430F1611单片机和Flash存储器的水中低频信号数据采集与存储系统,实现了水中目标测量中的低噪声、低功耗、智能自动记录和大容量存储等关键技术,海上试验结果表明该系统精度高、性能可靠。     

Response-based extreme value analysis of moored offshore structures due to wave, wind, and current

Floating moored offshore structures have a significant future in offshore operations as an attractive economic alternative to fixed structures in deep waters and/or in areas where there is no existing infrastructure. This paper describes an analysis procedure based on the structure variable approach to estimate load and response values of a moored offshore platform at a given return period by taking into account the joint occurrence of wave, wind, and current. The results show that the most severe mooring loads may not occur when wind, wave, and current are collinear and are at their maximum design values, i.e., the 50- or 100-year case. It is recommended that the extreme mooring design loads for moored offshore systems should be determined through a range of physical or numerical simulations where wave, wind, and current are noncollinear and act with less severe magnitudes than the 50- or 100-year case. This recommendation has also been adopted in the ITTC/Ocean Engineering Committee recommendations to the ITTC Conference held in September 1996.     

上凸型内孤立波场中顶张力立管极值响应分析

为研究上凸型内孤立波作用下立管的响应问题,建立了顶张力立管在上凸型内孤立波场中的运动方程,流体作用力通过Morison方程求解,上凸型内孤立波引起的速度和加速度用两层流体KdV方程计算;采用有限元法离散控制方程,并用Newmark-β法在时域内求解。通过数值模拟探索上凸型内孤立波作用下顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力、顶底端转角等极值响应规律,并分析内孤立波幅值、上下两层流体密度差、顶部张力及壁厚对立管响应的影响。研究结果表明,上凸型内孤立波会引起顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力及顶底端转角显著增大;由于上凸型内孤立波引起的海水剪切作用剧烈,导致上下两层流体中立管位移反向。     

基于冲突极值模型的非常规信号交叉口安全评价

为了评估非常规信号交叉口交通安全,提出了基于冲突极值模型的横断面分析方法.利用计算机视频技术提取了南京市3个信号交叉口(1个设施组和2个参照组)96h的交通冲突数据和交通流数据,构建了包含数据层[处理层[先验层的3层贝叶斯超阈值冲突极值模型,利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗仿真方法对模型参数进行估计,采用预测交通事故和比值比计算...     

A FAST ALGORITHM FOR EXTREME FILTER OF 2D IMAGE

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