青藏铁路大风天气运输组织方法

青藏高原大风天气多,空气密度小,大风对铁路运输安全的影响与低海拔地区差异较大。利用车辆动力学原理建立列车临界翻车风速模型,分别计算青藏铁路海拔3 000 m和4 000 m冻土和非冻土地区的临界翻车风速和危险翻车风速,以及给定风速条件下车辆限制速度。计算结果表明,青藏铁路临界翻车风速随海拔升高而增大,随冻土路基病害出现而降低。参考英、日等国大风标准,结合青藏铁路的特点,根据危险翻车风速和临界翻车风速,初步提出青藏铁路海拔4 000 m地区安全行车标准及特定运行条件、冻土地区线路出现病害情况下的安全行车标准及特定运行条件。提出列车限速运行、增加车辆载重、提高列车编组水平、提高司机操作水平、改善棚车顶部外形、加强货运检查、注意车辆防溜和风沙地区线路检查等大风天气运输组织措施。     

英版数字化航海图书资料获取与使用

随着计算机及互联网技术的发展,考虑到航海人员使用效率的提高,英国海军水道部对其航海图书资料的出版形式进行了改进,数字化航海图书资料大量出现。为了方便航海人员尽快适应这种变化,给出获取和使用英版数字化航海图书资料的方法。     

Q355GNHD高耐候钢在动车组中的焊接运用

详细介绍了出口突尼斯动车组车体钢结构的特点,通过各部位焊接工艺试验,结合车体钢结构组装焊接工艺,选取了与之匹配的焊接材料Q355GNHD高耐候钢,确定了合适的焊接工艺参数,并制定出该车的生产工艺方案,满足了产品设计的制造需要。     

高速公路浓雾监测预警系统

为研究浓雾对高速公路运营的影响,通过建设高速公路环境气象监测站以获取与浓雾发生密切相关的气象要素和能见度实测值,并结合高速公路沿线历史浓雾个例研究形成浓雾的环流形势特征和局地监测站气象要素演变与能见度值变化规律和特征,由此建成了高速公路浓雾监测预警系统。系统通过多种通讯传输和显示手段,将自动监测站的实况和预报中心制作的浓雾预警、预报结论传送至公路运营指挥中心,供采取决策措施时应用。该系统目前已由无锡段扩展到常州至苏州段,在试验应用期,沪宁高速公路在试验路段未发生因浓雾而造成的重大交通事故。     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算是城市污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理的基础性工作。该文从污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理两个方面阐述了污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算的内涵,并对该领域的未来发展作了展望。     

雾封层技术在沥青路面预防性养护中的应用

结合雾封层预防性养护技术在桥面铺装层的应用,探讨了雾封层技术的适应性、施工工艺及质量控制要点。采用雾封层后,经检测表明减少了路面的水损坏,延长了道路的使用寿命,取得了较好的效果,可为其他类似工程提供借鉴。     

高速公路雾区监控系统功能设计初探

高速公路雾区的交通安全是一个世界性的问题,每年由雾引发的交通事故导致的经济损失是十分巨大的。因此,提高高速公路在雾天低能见度条件下的交通安全水平,保证运输的畅通、安全具有极其重要的经济和社会效益,其中一个重要的方面就是高速公路的监控系统。针对雾对高速公路交通安全的影响机理,分析驾驶员的服务需求,对雾区高速公路监控系统的功能设计进行了初步探讨。