Reliability-based calibration of fatigue design guidelines for ship structures

A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found.     

施工缝粘结面劈拉强度试验研究

施工缝或日工作缝,是指已硬化的混凝土与新浇筑的混凝之间所形成的水平或垂直的接缝。本文研究了不同的浇筑方式、水泥标号、混凝土强度等级对混凝土施工缝的粘结劈裂抗拉强度的影响,为实际工程中的应用提供依据。     

A design method of tensile triangles and low transformation temperature weld metal for reduction of stress concentration and residual stress of welded joints

Stress concentration and residual stress have a significant influence on fatigue life of welded joints. In order to reduce the stress concentration of welded joints, a mathematical design method of tensile triangles (MTT) based on bionics was applied to weld shape design. Accordingly, the stress concentration of various weld beads in the corner boxing welded joint and the fillet welded T-joint was dissected using our in-house FEM software JWRIAN. It was found that there existed a large stress concentration in the conventional welded joints, whereas those welded joints with elongated weld bead were accompanied by a lower stress concentration, especially for elongated weld bead with MTT design. Furthermore, among the weld shapes of the corner boxing fillet welded joint, the rectangle shape of weld bead had the minimum stress concentration factor (1.05). For the fillet welded T-joint with MTT design, the stress concentration of weld toe decreased dramatically with the increase of the index of designed shape, but there was a minor difference of stress concentration at weld root between the weld beads with MTT design. In addition, application of low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metal utilizing martensitic transformation to the fillet welded T-joints can produce compressive residual stress at weld toe.     

盛洪卿隧道变形的现场监测和数值分析

通过对武九客运专线盛洪卿隧道施工现场监测资料的研究,结合数值分析论证了该隧道河侧采取回填反压变更设计的科学性,并探讨了隧道施工监测的新方法.指出隧道施工监测对于隧道施工质量的提高和运营安全有着重要的指导意义.     

强夯施工对环境振动的影响分析

利用强夯法加固软弱地基时,其夯击能将以波的形式向外扩散,进而导致周围环境的振动.本文以半无限弹性体理论为基础,考察了瑞利波的径向振动量和竖向振动量沿地基深度的衰减特性,认为竖向振动量是引发环境安全的主要因素;通过现场实测,研究了强夯引起的自由场地地面振动加速度及振动速度随距离的衰减规律,并对隔振沟的隔振效果进行了测试研究.     

弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力试验研究

对弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力进行试验研究。试验中主要考虑轴向拉力、最小抗剪配筋、配筋率、混凝土强度等级等因素对弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力的影响。试验实测表明,欧洲规范2第1部分中用于计算弯、剪、轴拉复合受力钢筋混凝土梁承载能力的公式过于保守,有必要进行修正。     

绿泥石片岩地层大跨度公路隧道大变形控制及合理支护形式现场试验

为了探索绿泥石片岩地层大跨度公路隧道大变形控制技术及合理支护形式,以陕西省宝(鸡)汉(中)高速公路连城山隧道工程为依托,针对采用单层I22b、双层I22b和双层HK200b钢架的3种初期支护形式,通过对围岩变形和支护结构受力进行现场量测,对比分析了不同初期支护形式的变形控制效果,提出了大跨度公路隧道软岩大变形控制方法和支护体系。研究结果表明:“大预留+双层HK200b钢架分次强支护+大管径长锁脚锚管+深仰拱”联合支护体系能有效控制隧道大变形灾害,避免初期支护变形侵限及频繁拆换拱;该支护体系中第1层初期支护钢架的刚度不宜太弱,以避免因其刚度不足导致的局部失稳和局部拆换问题;试验断面第2层初期支护的接触压力约占第1层初期支护围岩压力的61%,二次衬砌接触压力约占第1层初期支护围岩压力的40%;调整仰拱曲率对于优化结构受力和防治仰拱底鼓作用显著;基于对连城山隧道试验断面围岩压力和径向位移的统计分析,建立了不同支护阶段和不同刚度下的围岩-支护特征曲线,揭示了围岩与支护的相互动态作用机制和“多层分次强支护”大变形控制方法的支护作用机制;结合连城山隧道大变形处置实践,总结提出了“三台阶留核心土法+大预留、多层、分次支护+大管径长锁脚锚管+深仰拱”的大变形控制技术、“不侵限、不换拱、不破坏压密区”的大变形防控理念及“大断面、少分步、快挖快支”的施工原则。研究成果可为类似软岩隧道大变形控制提供重要借鉴。     

中美欧日桩基承载力设计规范比较

针对中美欧日各国关于桩基设计方法的异同,在设计理论基础、单桩轴向抗压承载力、单桩抗拔承载力和水平承载力等方面进行了综合对比分析。并以工程实例为基础,计算了桩的抗压、抗拔极限承载力和折算允许值,得出中国规范安全裕度适中、水平承载力计算方法涵盖面广、可向海外推广的结论,并提出了工程设计中的关注点。     

砂岩石粉含量对机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的影响及机理研究

劈裂抗拉强度是评价混凝土抗裂性能重要的力学指标,试验分析砂岩机制砂石粉含量对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度影响及机理。结果表明:砂岩机制砂中石粉含量对不同强度等级混凝土的工作性、劈裂抗拉强度影响不同,对C35和C45强度等级的机制砂混凝土,当机制砂中石粉含量为7%~13%和5%~8%时,随石粉含量的增加,新拌混凝土和易性得到改善,混凝土抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度不断提高;建立砂岩机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度与抗压强度之间的数学公式:lg f_(sp)=0.309 7lg f_(cu)+0.102 6,机制砂混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度优于普通混凝土,具有更为优异的抗裂性能。机制砂石粉的颗粒效应、化学活性是机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉性能的主要影响因素。     

高性能排水板在淤泥地基筑堤工程中的应用效果

为验证采用高性能排水板作为淤泥质土径向排水通道的适用性和效果,在连云港徐圩港区设置一段高性能排水板试验段,埋设部分原位观测仪器。通过高性能排水板和普通排水板标段地基固结度和深层水平位移的对比来研究高性能排水板的应用效果。对比结果表明:高性能排水板应用效果良好;同样工期内,高性能排水板地基比普通排水板试验段地基的固结度高,深层水平位移小。