The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

CMOS集成电路功耗分析及其优化方法

电子产品功耗的大小不仅限制了便携设备电池使用时间，也在一定程度上影响着设备性能。研究降低功耗的电路设计技术意义重大。CMOS集成电路功耗的物理来源主要有两种：由于CMOS管工作状态变化而引起的动态功耗和由于漏电流而产生的静态功耗。针对决定功耗大小的具体因素，从制造工艺和具体设计角度，讨论了几种降低CMOS集成电路功耗技术。     

浅谈成都北编组站综合集成自动化系统闭路电视监视方案

本文结合成都北编组站综合集成自动化系统功能、车站规模及用户需求,提出闭路电视监视方案。     

楼宇自备电站微机集控系统

结合具体的工程实例,阐述楼宇自备电站常规控制系统存在的主要问题,以及通过采用微机集控系统, 提高系统可靠性和稳定性的做法.     

铁路通过小型采空区的综合勘察与线路优化

在地形地质条件复杂地段,地质选线对铁路工程具有重要的意义。以某铁路线路通过一小型采空区为例,在线路无法绕避的情况下,采用综合手段对采空区进行探查。先在现场地质测绘调查的基础上针对性布置物探测线探查,再根据探查结果合理安排钻探对探查结果进一步修正。通过对资料的综合分析,详细绘制采空区范围和规模,对线路方案进行优化调整。现场施工表明综合勘察手段对线路优化具有良好效果。     

全补偿简单直链型悬挂接触网整体吊弦的精确安装研究

为提高接触网整体吊弦的安装精度,以全补偿简单直链型悬挂接触网为例,结合施工现场实际情况,分析如何减小整体吊弦在测量、计算、预制、安装过程中各个环节的误差,从而提高最终的整体安装精度,确保整体吊弦能精确的、一次性安装到位。整体吊弦的精确安装,提高了接触网的安装质量和运行性能,对改善"弓网"关系起到了重要的作用。     

城市轨道交通LTE综合承载CBTC与专用无线集群业务

对宁波市轨道交通3号线及宁奉城际铁路工程采用的LTE(长期演进)技术综合承载CBTC(基于通信的列车控制)与专用无线集群信号系统的设计方案进行了介绍。这些设计方案主要包括LTE有线网络、LTE车-地无线通信、LTE时钟同步、业务隔离以及综合供电方案等,系在传统的LTE仅承载CBTC业务的基础上,考虑了同时承载集群业务。为进一步增强整个系统的可靠性、安全性,独创性地设计了基带处理单元的跨网连接、设备冗余配置、集群无线覆盖、轨旁漏缆安装高度以及跨专业供电的方案。     

南昌西站综合交通枢纽环境振动试验分析

现代大型综合交通枢纽综合了多种交通工具,实现了航空、高铁、普铁、轨道交通、公交和磁悬浮列车等多种交通方式的零换乘或短距离换乘。站房结构中包含高架桥梁、隧道和大跨度空间等复杂结构体系。由复杂结构形式而引发的环境振动,往往对人和精密仪器的使用造成极大的伤害。对南昌西站综合交通枢纽环境振动实测分析的结果表明,振动响应满足环境测评标准和舒适度要求。     

济南轨道交通R1线弱电系统不间断电源建设方案探讨

介绍了济南市轨道交通R1线的工程概况及建设原则,详细阐述了R1线不间断电源(UPS)建设方案,着重论述了供电方式及UPS整合方案的比选。R1线一级负荷中的特别重要负荷不整合,采用UPS分散供电方式;将ISCS(综合监控)、ACS(门禁系统)、AFC(自动售检票)、OA(协同办公)与PIS(乘客信息系统)等专业的设备进行整合,共用1套UPS;BAS(环境与设备监控系统)独立设置UPS,其设备与电源设置在ISCS设备机房。整合的负荷UPS采用双机并联冗余供电方式。计算了R1线采用UPS整合方案后的UPS容量及造价,以及机房建筑面积,计算结果显示,R1线UPS建设方案提高了供电的安全性和可靠性。