民国时期民生状况研究——以皖北地区为对象

民国时期,以农民为主体的皖北民众生活极端贫困.首先,农户收入普遍过低,衡之以当时的一般收入标准,其农户绝大部分处于贫困状态;其次,受收入偏低的影响,皖北农户整体消费水平不高;再次,消费结构不合理,满足生存最基本之需的食品支出在农户全年所有费用支出中占有绝对比重,其消费是一种压缩性的节俭型畸形消费.     

Sea Cucumber Moratorium and Livelihood Diversity in Papua New Guinea

Livelihood diversity factors such as flexibility within fisheries, geographical mobility, reallocation of fishing effort into the broader economy, and the non-material benefits that fisheries provide are important areas of research in marine policy. We use two small-scale fisheries related socio-economic surveys of communities in the Tigak Islands of Papua New Guinea. The first conducted 5 years before a ban on the harvesting of sea cucumbers was imposed and the second from the present day, 5 years after the initiation of the ban—with the objectives of exploring changes in household fishing strategies (types and numbers of species targeted) and to identify any important socioeconomic factors that help explain those changes. Fishing's contribution to total household income has increased significantly (p = 0.019) up from 61% in 2004 to 73% in 2014 with the percentage of female residents living in a household now positively and significantly (p = 0.018) associated with fishing income. The average number of species categories targeted per household increased insignificantly while households with more women are significantly (p = 0.018) less likely to target more species than households with more men. Moreover, customary management practices contribute to this difference. Together, these results show that households are not worse off financially 5 years after the ban on sea cucumber harvesting and that gendered seascape use has implications for the role of livelihood diversity as a marine policy tool.     

三跨连续钢箱系杆拱桥的设计与施工

壁虎河大桥复建工程为扬州市重大民生工程。桥梁跨越省级流域性骨干河道壁虎河,该河为淮河入江水道,承担重要泄洪和排涝功能。主桥采用（41+150+41）m三跨连续钢箱系杆拱结构,桥梁采用少支架拼装施工,桥梁布跨和施工方案已充分考虑河道的排泄影响。通过主要介绍跨壁虎河三跨连续钢箱系杆拱桥的总体设计、结构设计、结构计算、施工方案等内容,为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

民生，水文章的主旋律

该文围绕着水务发展与“和谐武汉”、“创新武汉”、“滨江滨湖现代化城市”、“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会建设,从水安民安、水美民乐、水利民利、水和民和等四个方面概括了水务工作在和谐社会建设中努力的目标,提出了水务部门将“民生”作为做大做好水文章的主旋律和将水务工作成果惠及最广大的人民群众的理念。     

高校民生档案利用工作中存在的问题及对策

档案利用工作是档案管理的核心,也是档案收集、整理、保管、鉴定工作的价值实现过程。文章分析了高校民生档案利用工作的现状,剖析了民生档案利用工作中存在的问题,提出了进一步加强和改进高校民生档案利用的措施和建议。