基于高低的高速铁路简支梁徐变上拱识别方法

研究目的:现有监测手段难以高效经济地测量高速铁路全线简支梁的徐变上拱量,但可以通过分析轨道动态检测数据实现有效识别。因此,本文选取我国某高速铁路长达7年的检测数据,结合小波分解、极值点搜寻和概率分布拟合,对每一跨简支梁的高低波形进行识别,然后通过波形关键点识别简支梁徐变上拱量,并研究其发展规律。研究结论:(1)波形识别算法对24 m梁和32 m梁的识别准确率分别为94.3%和96.4%;(2)简支梁徐变上拱与混凝土徐变的发展规律相近,利用最小二乘法拟合得到了上拱量发展曲线;(3)在线路开通运营6年后,24 m梁上拱量的中位数在1.5~2.0 mm之间,32 m梁上拱量的中位数在2.0~2.6 mm之间,简支梁徐变上拱的发展趋于平缓,未来的发展空间有限;(4)本研究成果对掌握高铁桥梁变形状态和指导线路养护维修具有参考价值。     

船舶总纵极限强度模糊可靠性研究

本文以模糊数学和结构可靠性基本理论为基础,分析了传统随机可靠性理论的不足,并在常规模糊可靠性理论研究的基础上,利用模糊集合与普通集合之间的转换关系,研究了模糊变量组合时的可靠性计算方法,拓展了模糊可靠性理论的使用范围.通过对模糊可靠度计算结果分析发现,模糊可靠性理论使设计更加科学,更加符合工程实际;模糊变量组合在船舶总纵极限强度可靠性上的应用,避免了传统计算方法由于变量统计数据不足而导致的偏差,减少了很多繁复的数学运算.算例分析验证了本文方法的准确性和实用性.     

Structural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass in the Field of Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, China

Introduction The project of Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant,located in Pashan, at the south foot of HouyuntaiMount, northeast of Lianyungang City, JiangsuProvince, is entitled State Key Project in collabo-ration with Russia. This project is carried out atthree phases, with two reactors to be built at eachphase. Important constructions such as the nuclearislets and the normal islets are all situated at thebedrock zone. With regard to the field study of thenuclear power plant, the authors have…     

清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。     

悬拼梁段长线台座吻合法预制施工关键技术探讨

深圳湾公路大桥非通航孔桥梁体施工,设计为分段预制,海上拼装,预制施工线形控制和梁段间吻合匹配,这些是其关键技术。重点介绍采用长线台座吻和法预制梁段时吻和匹配施工工艺,线形控制方法,台座设计检算及施工中易出现的问题等。     

波流联合作用下的船舶系泊

通过波流联合作用下开敞式深水码头系泊试验研究成果的分析,阐述了流对系泊船舶的作用性质,波流联合作用下系泊船舶动态特征,缆绳选择及系缆方式,并对试验方法的选取提出了建议。     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

T型管节点焊趾表面裂纹扩展行为的三维断裂力学分析

本文对海上平台T型管节点焊趾三维空间翘曲表面裂纹问题用6869自由度、半带宽1187的特大规模作了三维有限元分析，计算了沿裂纹前缘的KⅠ、KⅡ和KⅢ分布。在此基础上，对焊趾表面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为作了分析，绘制了裂纹扩展特性曲线，并根据特性曲线对扩展寿命进行了估算。预测结果与海上平台管节点委员会的试验结果相符。     

盾构法隧道纵向地震响应特性

采用土—结相互作用的动力有限元法,引入无长度的3自由度弹簧单元模拟纵向螺栓接头,分析行波波长、地基刚度与阻尼对盾构法隧道纵向地震响应的影响。分析结果表明:行波从水平方向输入时有突变弯矩产生,突变弯矩随波长和阻尼的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数对突变弯矩的影响相对较小;行波作用下,产生的接头最大轴力及最大弯矩值均随波长的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数及阻尼系数取值对最大弯矩值的影响较小。因此,建议在实际工程设计计算中要重视输入地震动参数的选择,且取较小的阻尼系数。     

高中速客专和高低速客货共线铁路不同坡段组合的动力学性能之比较研究

本文运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学新理论,仿真计算了列车以不同速度匹配通过不同类型纵断面时动力学性能的各项指标,并且根据现行铁道机车车辆动力学性能评定规范加以评价。结果表明:在本文设定的不同类型纵断面条件下,如单面坡划为多坡段或凹型坡加设分坡平段或凸型坡加设分坡平段,无论是高中速客车还是高低速客货混跑,采用新设计方案计算得到的指标略大于采用原设计方案得到的相应值,但差异不明显;所有方案下,除个别指标外,安全性指标均未超过合格限值,平稳性指标属优良等级。