电子特种气体及我国发展现状

本文研究了电子特种气体的种类、纯度以及在半导体工业中的应用状况,从技术上讨论了电子特种气体的纯净度对半导体工业的影响。结合国内电子特种气体的市场综述了国内电子特种气体的生产厂家及其现状,指出了国内电子特种气体产业存在的问题以及我国电子特种气体产业的发展前景。     

高速铁路光回路异物侵限监测系统方案研究

为了解决高速铁路异物侵限双电网监测系统存在的抗干扰能力差,双电网需连续稳定供电、工程投资大等问题,运用光纤通信、计算机网络和自动控制等技术,提出光回路异物侵限监测系统的方案,论述系统构成方案,检知网的设计方案,传感光纤的选型、敷设方式和接续方案,光信号衰耗指标的计算以及监控单元、铁路局中心系统设置方案等内容,有效解决双电网监测系统存在的问题,对保障高速铁路运输安全具有一定价值。     

A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line,New York City

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan’s West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a footpath below. Using Manhattan as a laboratory, this paper offers a combined assessment of noise and particulate matter pollution for its pedestrians. Noise and PM_2.5 levels were recorded simultaneously for two cases (i) pedestrians walking on a footpath alongside road traffic and (ii) pedestrians walking on the elevated High Line. Testing took places over three days in autumn 2014. Results were analysed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower pollution exposure to those using the footpath below. Results showed statistically significant differences between the upper and lower levels in exposure to both pollution types. In order to quantify the overall impact, results are expressed through a combined air–noise pollution index. This index indicates that the average reduction in PM_2.5 and noise pollution along the High Line compared to the footpath below is approximately 37%.     

乙醇汽油对车辆颗粒物排放的影响

在符合国Ⅰ、国Ⅲ、国Ⅴ标准的3辆试验车上,分别燃用国Ⅴ汽油、低芳烃E10、低烯烃E10 3种燃料,进行了NEDC和WLTC工况下的常温冷起动排放试验,重点对颗粒物(PM)排放量和粒子数量(PN)进行分析。结果表明:在两种工况下,燃用乙醇汽油相比普通汽油能大幅降低车辆的PM排放,低芳烃E10对国Ⅰ和国Ⅲ车辆PM降低效果最明显,分别下降19%和35%,低烯烃E10对国Ⅴ车辆PM降低效果最好,下降46%;在WLTC工况下燃用乙醇汽油能大幅降低车辆PN排放,其中低芳烃E10平均降低43%,低烯烃E10平均降低32%。     

铁路编组站安全评价研究

结合铁路编组站现场实际,对编组站作业安全进行系统分析,从人员、设备、环境和管理等方面分析编组站作业安全的影响因素,建立编组站安全评价指标体系。应用基于物元分析的层次分析法确定指标权重,构建基于物元分析的编组站安全评价模型,应用编组站实际数据,对所构建的模型进行分析验证,为编组站作业安全管理提供决策依据。     

Preliminary investigation of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and its metal elemental composition in tunnels at a subway station in Shanghai,China

In this study, real-time monitoring campaigns were conducted in two tunnels (Line A and Line B) at a subway station in Shanghai, including temperature, relative humidity, PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, in order to understand the climate and PM characteristics in the transportation microenvironment. In addition, collected floor dust particles in the tunnel were analyzed by ICP for their metal elemental composition. Strong correlations occurred between all PM levels and meteorological parameters in the tunnel of Line A (with platform screen doors), in comparison with the weak correlations between such parameters in the tunnel of Line B (without platform screen doors). PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ between peak hours and off-peak hours for both lines presented significant differences (p < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, PM₁ showed a different pattern, with p > 0.05 for Line A and p < 0.05 for Line B, respectively. In addition, statistical results concluded that PM had an evident weekly variation for both lines. Friday was the highest day of all particulate matters in monitoring periods for both lines. Ratios of PM₁/PM₁₀ and PM_2.5/PM₁₀ were high when trains were out of service and low when trains were in service. Relative abundance of metal elements detected from floor dust particles proved that floor dust particles in tunnels might be a major source of airborne PM in the subway microenvironments, with Fe as the most abundant metal element, followed by Ca, Al, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg.     

国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器在工程应用中的关键问题分析

通过分析国六排放法规,并结合对OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer)市场国六后处理技术的开发以及我国的特殊地理环境,总结了国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)开发的重点、难点问题.综合来看,开发高目数、薄壁、非对称孔道结构及高强度的DPF...     

港池疏浚过程悬浮物影响预测研究及应用

港池疏浚产生的高浓度悬浮泥沙,对海域环境的影响不能忽视。在建立近海悬浮物二维输移扩散数值模型的基础上,采用有限元分步杂交方法求解,对两种不同施工方案下悬浮物的输移扩散进行预测模拟。根据预测结果,对比分析两种施工方法可能对附近海域水质环境造成影响的程度,为施工方案的选择提供科学依据。     

昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性物元分析

结合西(西昌)攀(攀枝花)高速公路建设需要,通过对西攀高速公路沿线昔格达地层既有铁路、公路路堑边坡稳定性的调查研究,采用物元数理统计方法进行归纳分析,系统全面地总结出昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性的影响因素,即坡高、坡度、坡体结构、含水率、植被覆盖率、岩石性质以及坡体内结构面产状与岩层产状,然后建立物元方程,得出各因素对边坡稳定性的影响程度,同时对昔格达地层路堑边坡按稳定性进行归类,共分稳定型、次稳定型、次不稳定型和不稳定型4种类型。通过系统论述昔格达地层边坡稳定性与边坡地形、地质条件的关系,得到了昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性的理论判别依据和判别标志。