基于比拟杆法的多室箱梁竖弯段剪力滞效应计算及分析

为了分析梁轴线为竖向曲线的多室箱梁在桥墩处的剪力滞效应,基于比拟杆理论,通过用支座反力等效代替桥墩约束,求得了顶板沿桥轴线的轴力、剪力方程,算出了各加劲肋、腹板处加劲杆的换算面积,然后根据剪切变形协调方程,建立了考虑加劲肋影响的剪力滞微分方程组。将所建方程组的计算结果与采用ANSYS APDL软件建立的板壳有限元模型计算结果进行对比后发现：采用所建方程可避免求解2阶微分方程组的困难,易于使用,且能反映局部竖弯梁段的剪力滞效应变化情况,但计算精度随着叠加并积分的剪力流增加而降低;对于靠近计算起始端截面的加劲杆而言,比拟杆法计算应力与模型计算应力差值在10%左右;竖弯梁顶板最大应力处的剪力滞系数为1.4,大于直梁在该处的剪力滞系数1.2,直梁在该处的轴向应力与竖弯梁相比减小了5.9 MPa,可以认为存在竖弯的箱型梁对剪力滞的影响是不利的。     

箱肋拱桥的加固方法研究及分析

某箱肋拱桥主拱圈出现了大量的裂缝,荷载试验结果表明结构刚度偏低、冲击系数偏大。为了解决以上问题,通过增设拱肋之间的斜撑以增强横向联系,加强结构的整体性,并结合空间梁格有限元模型分析对比了加固前后的拱圈内力变化情况。结果表明,增设斜撑后,活载内力将下降20%左右,效果明显。     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

Bend stiffener linear viscoelastic thermo-mechanical analysis. Part I — Experimental characterization and mathematical formulation

Bend stiffeners are subjected to cyclic loading during offshore operation or when subjected to a controlled full-scale qualification test. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the polyurethane, energy is dissipated within the material volume and the structure may experience a temperature increase, a phenomenon known as self-heating. The top connection is a flexible riser critical region in terms of fatigue, being the bend stiffener the main responsible for curvature control. As the curvature distribution is highly affected by the nonlinear time–temperature bend stiffener response, a detailed thermo-mechanical assessment may become relevant for riser lifetime and polyurethane material failure assessment, specially during accelerated full-scale tests. In the present paper (Part I), the polyurethane experimental characterization and steady-state thermo-mechanical mathematical formulation are presented for the bend stiffener self-heating assessment. A steady-state formulation is derived for a temperature dependent linear viscoelastic large deflection beam model to estimate the heat generation during harmonic tip loading. The temperature field distribution is calculated through a three-dimensional steady-state thermal model considering the viscoelastic heat calculated from the mechanical model with an iterative scheme. Stress relaxation tests are performed at different temperatures to determine the viscoelastic properties followed by thermal properties characterization through differential scanning calorimetry and by the Flash method to determine the specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively. In a companion paper (Part II) the iterative numerical scheme is detailed and a case study presented.     

提高水泥路面结构耐久性的一项重要措施

结合我国水泥混凝土路面的发展历程,对国内外水泥混凝土路面的结构设计方法进行分析对比,介绍采用缩缝传力杆与冷轧带肋钢筋网对提高水泥混凝土路面结构耐久性的重要意义。     

肋板形状对肋板式挡墙稳定性影响试验分析

肋板式挡墙是一种依靠肋板与肋板间土体的摩擦效应平衡墙背土压力的新(轻)型支挡结构,其稳定性受肋板形状的影响显著。开展由纸质肋板和有机玻璃面板构成的肋板式挡墙砂箱模型试验,研究3种典型肋板形状对肋板式挡墙稳定性影响规律,分析在极限稳定状态下肋板形状与肋板面积的内在关系。试验结果表明:肋板形状为上小下大的正立三角形肋板面积最小,其次为上大下小的倒三角形肋板,而矩形时所需的肋板面积最大。相对于矩形肋板,正立三角形肋板的面积节约率均值约为25.5%,底部约束的倒三角形肋板约为12.7%,倒三角形肋板约为6.3%;矩形、正立三角形和底部约束的倒三角形肋板式挡墙均为绕墙趾转动的倾覆破坏模式,倒三角形肋板式挡墙则随肋板间距减小由沿墙底滑移破坏模式转变为倾覆破坏;墙体肋板布置间距由疏至密变化,处于极限稳定状态的肋板式挡墙所需肋板长度呈非线性减小趋势,最终趋于稳定。     

基于疲劳寿命分析的地铁受电弓上框架改进

文章分析了地铁受电弓运行过程中导致上框架焊缝开裂的主要影响因素,采用增加加强筋的方式,降低焊缝区域应力,提高焊接处疲劳寿命。运用Matlab和ANSYS软件进行静力学和强度计算,根据疲劳强度曲线进行对比分析。分析结果表明:增加加强筋后,集中应力下降了36.4%,疲劳寿命是结构修改前的3.86倍。     

大型耙吸挖泥船泥舱箱型肋板结构优化

针对多艘耙吸式挖泥船泥舱中部区域箱形肋板与纵舱壁交接处上端部因裂纹而渗漏的事件,对其成因展开研究,并结合定性分析及强度校核,对耙吸式挖泥船泥舱箱型肋板结构进行优化,使泥舱底部结构获得足够的强度和刚度。     

基于PLC的肋板拉入装置电气控制系统设计

介绍肋板拉入装置的组成及功能,使得电气控制系统的设计实现了电动机的无级调速控制。利用变频器、PLC编程实现控制方案,从而提高肋板拉入位置的精度。     

浅析轮系设计实例

本文主要是通过对一个发动机附件轮系设计更改实例的分析,总结出一些轮系设计计算方面的关键点。