Reliability-based calibration of fatigue design guidelines for ship structures

A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found.     

施工缝粘结面劈拉强度试验研究

施工缝或日工作缝,是指已硬化的混凝土与新浇筑的混凝之间所形成的水平或垂直的接缝。本文研究了不同的浇筑方式、水泥标号、混凝土强度等级对混凝土施工缝的粘结劈裂抗拉强度的影响,为实际工程中的应用提供依据。     

A design method of tensile triangles and low transformation temperature weld metal for reduction of stress concentration and residual stress of welded joints

Stress concentration and residual stress have a significant influence on fatigue life of welded joints. In order to reduce the stress concentration of welded joints, a mathematical design method of tensile triangles (MTT) based on bionics was applied to weld shape design. Accordingly, the stress concentration of various weld beads in the corner boxing welded joint and the fillet welded T-joint was dissected using our in-house FEM software JWRIAN. It was found that there existed a large stress concentration in the conventional welded joints, whereas those welded joints with elongated weld bead were accompanied by a lower stress concentration, especially for elongated weld bead with MTT design. Furthermore, among the weld shapes of the corner boxing fillet welded joint, the rectangle shape of weld bead had the minimum stress concentration factor (1.05). For the fillet welded T-joint with MTT design, the stress concentration of weld toe decreased dramatically with the increase of the index of designed shape, but there was a minor difference of stress concentration at weld root between the weld beads with MTT design. In addition, application of low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metal utilizing martensitic transformation to the fillet welded T-joints can produce compressive residual stress at weld toe.     

弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力试验研究

对弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力进行试验研究。试验中主要考虑轴向拉力、最小抗剪配筋、配筋率、混凝土强度等级等因素对弯、剪、轴拉复合受力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的承载能力的影响。试验实测表明,欧洲规范2第1部分中用于计算弯、剪、轴拉复合受力钢筋混凝土梁承载能力的公式过于保守,有必要进行修正。     

中美欧日桩基承载力设计规范比较

针对中美欧日各国关于桩基设计方法的异同,在设计理论基础、单桩轴向抗压承载力、单桩抗拔承载力和水平承载力等方面进行了综合对比分析。并以工程实例为基础,计算了桩的抗压、抗拔极限承载力和折算允许值,得出中国规范安全裕度适中、水平承载力计算方法涵盖面广、可向海外推广的结论,并提出了工程设计中的关注点。     

砂岩石粉含量对机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的影响及机理研究

劈裂抗拉强度是评价混凝土抗裂性能重要的力学指标,试验分析砂岩机制砂石粉含量对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度影响及机理。结果表明:砂岩机制砂中石粉含量对不同强度等级混凝土的工作性、劈裂抗拉强度影响不同,对C35和C45强度等级的机制砂混凝土,当机制砂中石粉含量为7%~13%和5%~8%时,随石粉含量的增加,新拌混凝土和易性得到改善,混凝土抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度不断提高;建立砂岩机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度与抗压强度之间的数学公式:lg f_(sp)=0.309 7lg f_(cu)+0.102 6,机制砂混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度优于普通混凝土,具有更为优异的抗裂性能。机制砂石粉的颗粒效应、化学活性是机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉性能的主要影响因素。     

冷再生沥青结构中残留层对路面结构的影响

根据冷再生层厚度以及不同的残留层厚度和模量,建立路面结构力学模型,利用有限元软件对路面结构进行计算,得到残留层厚度和模量的变化与冷再生层层底拉应力的变化规律,分析了残留基层厚度对路面结构的影响.     

趸船内八锚锚链受力分析

针对码头结构设计规范中关于内八锚及地牛受力计算的规定不明确的问题,参考水下锚链计算推导过程,根据静力平衡分析,列出悬链平衡方程,求解得出内八锚锚链悬链线标准方程,并通过曲线积分得到悬链线长度的计算公式。考虑到内八锚锚链在岸坡上拖锚的特殊情况,引入岸坡出坡点处斜率k,采用静力分析方法,得出锚链最大拉力、地牛拉力的计算公式。结果表明,锚链悬空段最大拉力出现在岸坡出坡点处,锚链最大拉力出现在地牛处。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

纤维增强复合材料拉伸破坏过程的Monte-Carlo模拟

基于剪切滞后模型,采用影响函数叠加方法,得到复合材料在多纤维断裂下的应力场,包含了基体和界面塑性变形的影响.考虑纤维强度的统计特性,结合Monte-Carlo方法模拟丫复合材料在拉伸载荷作用下的累计破坏过程.结果表明:复合材料拉伸强度的尺寸效应与纤维强度分布的统计性质以及微观损伤诱发的应力重分配有关.文中的研究为进一步发展基于破坏机理分析的复合材料在热/机械载荷作用下的疲劳寿命预测理论奠定了基础.     

以聚丙烯纤维网(FibermeshTM)改善水泥混凝土桥面铺装性能的初步研究

为避免桥面铺装混凝土的早期破坏,增加行车的舒适性,延长铺装厦桥梁主体的使用寿命．研究以聚丙烯纤维网水泥混凝土替代普通水泥混凝土作为桥面铺装材料．改善混凝土性能并利用聚丙烯纤维网良好的施工性能和化学稳定性。通过试验研究其主要力学性能,并对试验结果加以分析。