城市公交线网差异化计程票价多目标优化

为获取更加接近实际城市公交线网的票价策略，将出行者的社会互动行为与后悔心理引入广义费用，提出线路客流OD矩阵均衡算法；分别以交通管理部门利润最大化及出行者效用最大化为目标，以公交计程票价、发车频率、私家车停车费为变量，建立固定需求下公交线网差异化计程票价多目标优化模型.引入集群智能多目标优化算法求解，并应用于Mandl 标准公交线网.研究发现：以线路里程为标准，差异化计程票制可以有效降低出行成本；依据帕累托最优解调节票价，可以促进出行者选择行为向优势均衡转移.     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

粘弹性人工边界在地下结构抗震分析中的应用

地下结构地震反应分析需考虑结构-地基的动力相互作用,其中场地土层的自由场反应分析是确定地震输入的关键问题。以往地下工程实例表明,在结构动力时程计算中,能否有效模拟无限地基边界对结构抗震分析有很大的影响。基于某地下综合体项目进行抗震评估,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟自由场震动响应,克服工程中传统分析里不能模拟场地无限域的缺点。为地下结构的动力时程分析提供可靠数值依据。     

基于高低的高速铁路简支梁徐变上拱识别方法

研究目的:现有监测手段难以高效经济地测量高速铁路全线简支梁的徐变上拱量,但可以通过分析轨道动态检测数据实现有效识别。因此,本文选取我国某高速铁路长达7年的检测数据,结合小波分解、极值点搜寻和概率分布拟合,对每一跨简支梁的高低波形进行识别,然后通过波形关键点识别简支梁徐变上拱量,并研究其发展规律。研究结论:(1)波形识别算法对24 m梁和32 m梁的识别准确率分别为94.3%和96.4%;(2)简支梁徐变上拱与混凝土徐变的发展规律相近,利用最小二乘法拟合得到了上拱量发展曲线;(3)在线路开通运营6年后,24 m梁上拱量的中位数在1.5~2.0 mm之间,32 m梁上拱量的中位数在2.0~2.6 mm之间,简支梁徐变上拱的发展趋于平缓,未来的发展空间有限;(4)本研究成果对掌握高铁桥梁变形状态和指导线路养护维修具有参考价值。     

船舶总纵极限强度模糊可靠性研究

本文以模糊数学和结构可靠性基本理论为基础,分析了传统随机可靠性理论的不足,并在常规模糊可靠性理论研究的基础上,利用模糊集合与普通集合之间的转换关系,研究了模糊变量组合时的可靠性计算方法,拓展了模糊可靠性理论的使用范围.通过对模糊可靠度计算结果分析发现,模糊可靠性理论使设计更加科学,更加符合工程实际;模糊变量组合在船舶总纵极限强度可靠性上的应用,避免了传统计算方法由于变量统计数据不足而导致的偏差,减少了很多繁复的数学运算.算例分析验证了本文方法的准确性和实用性.     

Numerical simulation of the flow about self-propelling tanker models

A time-marching CFD simulation is performed for self-propelling ships. The flow about the hull is simulated by the finite-volume method, and the propeller action is approximated as a propeller disk for which the solution is given by a simplified propeller model. The interaction of two flow models is treated in a time-marching procedure converging towards the steady self-propelling condition. This method is applied to five tanker models, and detailed comparisons are made between the simulated results and corresponding experimental results. It is shown that the flow field in the self-propelling condition is qualitatively well reproduced in the simulation, and the estimated thrust deduction factors for the five hull forms agree well with measured ones. However, the effective wake factors are underestimated, since the Reynolds number in the simulations differs from that in the experiment.     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

高中速客专和高低速客货共线铁路不同坡段组合的动力学性能之比较研究

本文运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学新理论,仿真计算了列车以不同速度匹配通过不同类型纵断面时动力学性能的各项指标,并且根据现行铁道机车车辆动力学性能评定规范加以评价。结果表明:在本文设定的不同类型纵断面条件下,如单面坡划为多坡段或凹型坡加设分坡平段或凸型坡加设分坡平段,无论是高中速客车还是高低速客货混跑,采用新设计方案计算得到的指标略大于采用原设计方案得到的相应值,但差异不明显;所有方案下,除个别指标外,安全性指标均未超过合格限值,平稳性指标属优良等级。     

高速铁路桥上无缝线路纵向附加力研究

采用实体单元模拟桥梁及桥梁墩台、空间梁单元模拟钢轨、弹簧单元模拟桥梁与墩台及轨道之间的连接,建立梁—轨纵向相互作用三维有限元空间力学模型。以丰沙线永定河单线铁路桥梁、秦沈线沙河双线铁路桥梁对其进行计算验证。以秦沈客运专线32 m多跨双线整孔简支箱型梁桥为例进行纵向力分析,研究结果表明:列车在桥上双线对开,钢轨挠曲附加力有明显增大;列车在桥上单线制动,四根钢轨的制动附加力有较大的差别;列车在桥上双线对向制动,相比单线制动,钢轨制动附加力有一定程度增大,但增大得并不多。     

强震作用下密贴交叉组合地铁车站三维地震动响应分析

基于FLAC3D有限差分软件,建立密贴交叉组合地铁地下车站结构的三维计算模型,研究强震作用下密贴交叉组合地铁地下车站结构的三维非线性地震反应特性,并与单一浅彬深埋地铁地下车站结构的地震反应特性进行比较。研究结果表明：密贴交叉组合车站结构中,由于上下层车站相互作用影响,对上下层车站的相对水平位移均具有放大作用;上层车站的加速度放大系数小于浅埋车站,而下层车站的加速度放大系数略比深埋车站的大,且变化率较大的部位均发生在密贴交叉部位;下层车站的存在,时上层车站结构的应力有一定的消弱作用,但是由于两车站结构相互作用影响,在两车站交叉部位出现应力集中,致使交叉部位应力出现明显的放大效应。