基于随机森林结合前向序列选择算法的铁路隧道防水板检测数据关键影响因素识别北大核心

针对参数特征复杂度高的铁路产品,提出了一种基于随机森林(RF)结合前向序列选择(SFS)算法的铁路产品检验检测数据关键影响因素识别方法,以辅助基于经验的识别方法。创新使用RF-SFS算法,将其应用于铁路隧道防水板检验检测数据关键影响因素的识别研究。根据多年铁路隧道防水板检测数据,建立RF模型,获得了影响铁路隧道防水板检测结果的特征关键性评分序列。随后,结合SFS方法得出关键性评分序列的阈值,将排名前6位的影响因素识别为关键特征,模型的预测能力达到99.98%。为验证关键特征识别方法的有效性,对比分析3种模型在使用不同特征子集时的预测能力。当仅选用关键特征时,3种模型的预测能力均达到最佳,加入冗余特征后模型的预测能力逐渐降低。     

公共自行车使用时空特性挖掘及租还需求预测

基于宁波市公共自行车刷卡数据、POI(Point of Interest)数据、气象和空气质量等数据，从数据驱动视角，深入挖掘公共自行车使用的时空特征及站点租还车需求预测。在时间上，采用KMeans算法，将站点聚为5类，探讨各类站点的时变需求规律及影响因素；在空间上，提出基于POI 数据的站点用地类型识别方法，将站点分为居住类、交通设施类、办公类和商业休闲类。构建以 15，30，60 min 为间隔，以租还车需求为目标变量的随机森林预测模型，并与常用的 BP (Back Propagation)神经网络、K最近邻方法进行比较。结果表明，随机森林模型的精度更高，适用性更强。以30 min为间隔的站点租还车需求预测精度最高，考虑站点土地利用类型后能有效提高模型的预测精度。本文结果可作为未来站点平衡调度的依据并推广应用于共享单车系统，为改善服务水平提供技术和理论支撑。     

天津市雨洪水资源化利用的探讨和研究

根据天津市水资源现状及雨洪水调度的优势 ,提出天津市各河系雨洪水调度方案及其成果显示     

洞庭湖大桥拉索风雨振控制新技术

随着大跨径斜拉桥的不断建设，斜拉索的减振特别是风雨振的控制已成为该类桥梁急需解决的关键问题之一。岳阳洞庭湖大桥建成通车后已发生多次强烈风雨振，在对应用磁流变智能阻尼减振技术控制风雨振研究的基础上，全面评估了该技术控制拉索振动的实际效果，证明该阻尼器是拉索风雨振控制的有效手段。岳阳洞庭湖大桥全桥安装磁流变阴尼器后，加速度响应降低为原加速度的1/20-1/30。     

Real-time trip purpose prediction using online location-based search and discovery services

The use of smartphone technology is increasingly considered a state-of-the-art practice in travel data collection. Researchers have investigated various methods to automatically predict trip characteristics based upon locational and other smartphone sensing data. Of the trip characteristics being studied, trip purpose prediction has received relatively less attention. This research develops trip purpose prediction models based upon online location-based search and discovery services (specifically, Google Places API) and a limited set of trip data that are usually available upon the completion of the trip. The models have the potential to be integrated with smartphone technology to produce real-time trip purpose prediction. We use a recent, large-scale travel behavior survey that is augmented by downloaded Google Places information on each trip destination to develop and validate the models. Two statistical and machine learning prediction approaches are used, including nested logit and random forest methods. Both sets of models show that Google Places information is a useful predictor of trip purpose in situations where activity- and person-related information is uncollectable, missing, or unreliable. Even when activity- and person-related information is available, incorporating Google Places information provides incremental improvements in trip purpose prediction.     

海堤内坡种植防护林的安全影响分析及尺度论证

海堤从外海堤脚至内侧护堤之间的滩涂围垦空间,既是陆地边缘,也是水的边缘。外侧可构建滨海景观,内侧结合随塘河形成亲水景观,具有得天独厚的优势。内侧平台的防护林及景观有机结合,可构建人们休闲旅游的"黄金绿带"。结合台州某海堤生态提升工程,提出海堤生态提升总体技术方案,重点对海堤内坡种植景观防护林对海堤安全的影响进行分析,明确种植平台高程、尺度布置等主要技术参数,为类似海堤生态改造工程提供参考。     

完全有组织排水技术在地铁车辆段中的应用

地铁车辆段在地铁运营中起着重要作用,但在工程实践中地铁车辆段常被暴雨侵袭出现积水,影响车辆段正常使用的现象屡见不鲜。针对这种现状,以某地铁车辆段为例,结合完全有组织排水技术理念,探究车辆段有组织排水技术的应用方式。在对大量车辆段暴雨特点现状调查与分析的基础上,通过剖析其排水体制,提出针对雨水系统的以源头减排来实现削减洪峰流量,采用虹吸雨水、调蓄池等行之有效的有组织排水技术。     

硅烷浸渍混凝土耐酸雨性能的研究

采用酸雨模拟试验方法,研究了两种硅烷对不同配合比的混凝土耐酸雨性能的影响,重点研究了硅烷浸渍混凝土的外观、体积、质量、强度及吸水率与碳化深度等性能,并建立了硅烷浸渍混凝土的服役寿命预测模型。试验结果表明,无论是否浸渍硅烷,掺磨细高炉矿渣粉的混凝土耐酸雨性能明显优于不掺矿渣粉的混凝土。两种硅烷可有效提高混凝土耐酸雨性能,有效延长混凝土在酸雨环境下的服役寿命。6689硅烷浸渍混凝土的各项耐酸雨性能指标略优于6403硅烷。     

一种Ka频段海上卫星通信抗雨衰编码方案

分析卫星通信雨衰现象的产生机制和对Ka频段卫星通信的影响,提出采用CCSDS标准卷积码作为抗雨衰编码方案。研究CCSDS(15,1/6)卷积码编译码性能:使用C语言编译环境,仿真CCSDS(15,1/6)编码系统,得出编码效率;使用二进制相移键控调制、加性高斯白噪声信道、维特比译码,仿真CCSDS(15,1/6)译码系统,得出译码性能和编码增益。仿真计算表明,CCSDS(15,1/6)具有编码速度快,译码性能好,编码增益高的特点,是一种好的海上卫星通信抗雨衰编码方案。     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.