A nonlinear virtual rider for motorcycles

This work presents a virtual rider for the guidance of a nonlinear motorcycle model. The target motion is defined in terms of roll angle and speed. The virtual rider inputs are the steering torque, the rear-wheel driving/braking torque and front-wheel braking torque. The virtual rider capability is assessed by guiding the nonlinear motorcycle model in demanding manoeuvres with roll angles of 50° and longitudinal accelerations up to 0.8 g. Considerations on the effective preview distance used by the virtual rider are included.     

摩托车及驾驶员气动特性的数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟技术,研究摩托车部件及驾驶员对整车气动特性的影响.对通过数值模拟获得的摩托车周围的流场、气动阻力系数和速度分布进行了深入分析;就风挡导流罩、驾驶员和摩托车本身的不同组合对整车气动阻力的影响进行了归纳;最后提出了一些减小摩托车气动阻力的具体建议.     

Modelling and model predictive control for a bicycle-rider system

This study proposes a bicycle-rider control model based on model predictive control (MPC). First, a bicycle-rider model with leaning motion of the rider’s upper body is developed. The initial simulation data of the bicycle rider are then used to identify the linear model of the system in state-space form for MPC design. Control characteristics of the proposed controller are assessed by simulating the roll-angle tracking control. In this riding task, the MPC uses steering and leaning torques as the control inputs to control the bicycle along a reference roll angle. The simulation results in different cases have demonstrated the applicability and performance of the MPC for bicycle-rider modelling.     

不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究

对交通事故数据的研究表明,两轮车骑行人也面临很高的受伤风险,各新车评价规程也开始对骑行人保护做出要求。根据中国保险汽车安全指数2023版规程的变化,通过选取符合要求的部分车型开展对比试验,分析在不同撞击角度下的头型伤害差异。试验结果表明,在撞击角度为45°时的伤害值大于撞击角度65°时的伤害值。     

城市轨道交通差异化票价和补贴优化

为研究不同群体，即一般群体和特殊群体(老年人、残疾人、学生)的票价方案和补贴问题，本文考虑不同群体的差异性，以各群体的票价折扣率和列车开行间隔为决策变量，构建基于群体差异化的运营补贴优化模型，以社会福利最大化为目标，优化各群体的票价折扣率、企业的服务水平及政府的补贴额度，确保各群体获得合适的补贴，实现公共交通出行的公平性。综合考虑城市轨道交通运输能力约束、政府财政约束及不同群体票价折扣率约束，设计了基于模拟退火算法的求解算法。以长沙地铁2号线为例，分析比较不同群体的票价折扣率，提出基于列车运行计划的福利票价方案。研究结果表明，一般群体不享受折扣，残疾人4折优惠，老年人2折优惠及学生6折优惠，交通特殊群体的出行比分别提升了1.06%，2.86%及1.94%。政府在实施补贴政策时，可以通过不同群体的票价福利措施和企业的服务水平确定补贴额度。     

考虑乘客情感价值影响的公交忠诚度评价方法

构建考虑乘客“情感价值”变量影响的公交忠诚度结构方程模型，分析乘客公交使用意愿的内在作用机理并提取相关影响因素，用于把握乘客的需求心理和公交服务改善诉求.依托厦门市公交意愿调查数据，模型结果证实，除商品消费本身产生的效用价值外，乘客在长期使用公交方式出行时产生的情感依赖同样会对公交服务价值的感知产生影响.模型指标得分结果表明，乘客对公交服务总体水平的满意度较低，但受制于其他因素，乘客不得不继续依赖公交出行的意愿依旧强烈.相关显变量得分显示，“站台设施和候车环境”“车辆运行平稳性”“车辆行驶速度”“行车安全与司机驾驶习惯”等服务内容是公交服务改善的重点.     

客车最后排乘员乘坐安全性探讨

由于结构布置原因，客车的最后排座位常会高于前排座椅，其座垫平面与侧窗下缘的距离通常会很短，在发生事故时，最后排乘员的侧向安全性就不容易得到保证。文章提出在客车结构安全要求中应增加对座椅座垫平面与侧窗下缘垂直距离的要求，从而保证最后排乘员在行车过程中得到有效约束。     

公交运营特性模型研究

剖析了道路公交系统模型的结构 ,建立了描述公交复合流中车流、人流特性的数学模型 ,提出了解析法和仿真技术相结合的公交车行程时间计算方法 ,并进行了实例分析 .     

Modelling of motorised two-wheelers: a review of the literature

Motorised two-wheeler (MTW) has emerged as the most widely used transportation mode for short distance trips in many Asian and European countries because of its affordable price and flexibility in manoeuvring through traffic. Its small size and aggressive riding patterns can considerably affect the overall traffic flow characteristics and safety. Modelling the characteristic behaviour and complex movement patterns of motorised two-wheelers is essential due to their pronounced role in microscopic traffic simulations, traffic management strategies, safety evaluation, transport planning and intelligent transportation systems. This paper begins with an overview of the determinant factors used for MTW modelling, followed by a critical review of various modelling approaches that have been adopted to depict the movement patterns of MTWs. The review concentrates on (i) identifying the factors mostly studied with respect to MTW-research, (ii) discussing the potential and limitations of each modelling approach and (iii) reporting some of the aspects that need further consideration for modelling MTWs in heterogeneous mixed traffic streams. The findings of the paper suggest that an integrated approach can be more viable to depict the unique riding patterns of motorised two-wheelers and some possible directions for future studies are also proposed.     

Use characteristics and demographics of rural transit riders: a case study in Tennessee

Intercity bus (ICB), deviated fixed route transit (DFRT) and demand responsive transit (DRT) are three major modes of rural public transportation. This paper focuses on the characteristics and motivations of DFRT and DRT riders, compared to non-riders, in Tennessee. A rural DFRT rider survey, a rural DRT rider survey and a rural (non-rider) resident survey were performed. It is found that DFRT and DRT riders have similar demographics to ICB riders. The most common trip purpose for DFRT and DRT passengers is medical care, which is different from ICB trips. Ninety percent of the riders have difficulty finding alternative transportation modes, suggesting they are captive riders, not choice riders. Regression results indicate that people choosing transit modes tend to have lower personal and household income, own fewer cars, to not be homeowners, and be of non-white race. Rural residents who receive more education are more likely to be open-minded to use rural transit.