智能汽车专业校企合作模式及人才培养方式的探究

智能汽车已经成为未来汽车领域的发展方向,且高校逐渐与企业合作,建立智能汽车人才培养模式。但是现阶段,校企合作深度以及人才培养方式仍然存在一定的不足,不利于为智能汽车领域输送更多的人才。基于此,本文主要探究智能汽车专业校企合作模式以及人才培养模式,详细阐述智能汽车专业校企合作模式及人才培养模式中存在的问题,进而提出针对性的建议。     

任意桥梁截面自由扭转常数计算的快速方法

计算任意截面的自由扭转常数可采用有限元分析方法,位移法有限元计算出的自由扭转常数比理论值偏大且网格剖分尺寸大小明显影响计算速度。本文从弹性理论圣维南自由扭转问题基本假设出发,针对悬臂梁模型采用基于位移的最小势能原理和基于应力的最小余能原理两种方法,推导势能泛函和余能泛函表达式,并求得泛函的极小值从而推导出相应的有限元方程,得到两种计算自由扭转常数公式。根据推导出的有限元方程,采用三角形单元编写程序进行两种截面的计算并与理论值对比。对比结果表明,采用两种方法计算自由扭转常数并取其平均值作为最终结果相较于采用单一位移法计算其精度大幅提高,两种方法互相参考有利于解决计算结果偏大和计算量过大的问题。     

新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构参数研究

钢桁梁桥由于其承载性能好和跨越能力较强等优点,在大跨度铁路桥梁中被广泛采用。但大跨度钢桁梁桥具有跨中挠度大、梁端转角大和温度变形敏感等特点,为了减小大跨度钢桁梁桥二期恒载、适应桥梁变形特性,在大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构。以南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥铺设新型明桥面轨枕板式轨道为背景,采用有限元法建立大跨度钢桁梁桥上轨枕板式无砟轨道结构计算模型,研究了轨枕板结构参数对轨道受力与变形的影响,确定轨道结构的合理尺寸与参数。结果表明:轨枕板的外形尺寸直接影响其受力和变形特征;板下垫层的厚度对垫层的受力特性的影响较大;建议南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用具有2组承轨台、宽度为2800 mm的轨枕板,轨枕板厚度为280 mm,板下垫层厚度为120 mm。     

ROV attitude control based on multi-motor cooperative propulsion北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高遥控水下航行器(ROV)在复杂水下环境中的姿态控制性能,开展多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制研究。[方法]首先,针对多电机系统的结构和算法,分别提出一种基于PID速度补偿器的偏差耦合结构和一种新型非奇异终端滑模控制(SMC)算法,并设计一种新颖的基于多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制方法;然后,建立ROV的运动学和动力学模型,开展推进器组推力建模分析、解耦简化ROV动力学模型研究;最后,设计一种ROV滑模姿态控制器。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提的结构和算法可提高多电机系统的抗干扰性、同步性和快速响应能力,进而提高ROV姿态控制系统的稳定性与鲁棒性。[结论]所提方法可为ROV姿态控制提供一种新的可用方案。     

引汉济渭工程岭北TBM无扩大洞室刀盘边块更换技术

本文以陕西省引汉济渭工程岭北TBM施工段为依托,为解决TBM在狭小空间内较大部件更换维修困难难题,开展大直径TBM刀盘边块在狭小空间内更换技术研究。通过大量研究,创新性提出新刀盘边块更换方法——基坑法,即通过专用设备配合TBM固有性能,在无扩大洞室工况下完成刀盘边块更换。经岭北TBM刀盘边块更换实例证明,此方法操作简单、适用性高,尤其在狭小空间内更具有优越性,且能节省大量维修时间,有效提高施工工效,可为同类TBM施工提供有益借鉴。     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

内河船舶和国内海船CO2系统的异同分析

针对船舶现场检验中发现的固定式灭火系统的CO₂系统以及瓶头阀及其相关组件的各种缺陷,主要阐述内河船舶CO₂系统和国内海船CO₂系统的异同、瓶头阀的结构、释放总管的安装要求、泄放总管的安装要求、控制管路的安装要求,这也是验船师现场检验的难点,以期相关人员在遇到问题时了解如何处理。     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.