Dynamite Fishing in a Marine Protected Area in Tanzania: Why Youth Perceptions Matter

Young men in coastal Tanzania are often blamed for damaging marine habitats by engaging in unsustainable and destructive fishing practices, including dynamite fishing, but their perceptions have not been sufficiently documented. While marine scientists, international environmental NGOs, and activists have called attention to the destructive fishing practices’ devastating impacts, insights into the contextual factors that motivate those who engage in dynamite fishing are limited. Additionally, risk perceptions and concerns regarding the environmental impact and dangers of dynamite fishing among the youth are also understudied. This paper provides ethnographic insights into the historical and contextual factors underlying dynamite fishing in rural coastal Mtwara. It draws on ethnographic data gathered through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents from two neighboring coastal villages – one located inside a marine protected area (MPA), and another located outside the MPA’s boundary. The paper first examines the views of elderly men and women to provide the historical context of dynamite fishing in coastal Mtwara. It then juxtaposes youth perceptions regarding marine conservation and dynamite fishing in the two villages, vis-à-vis ongoing efforts to curb destructive fishing practices and to enhance marine biodiversity and ecotourism in the region. Results of the study reveal that unresolved tensions between the MPA authorities and local fishers surrounding enforcement practices and unfulfilled gear-exchange-related promises, and allegations of poor governance, are important contextual factors in the persistence of dynamite fishing. The paper concludes by articulating possible remedial measures to mitigate the tensions between youth concerns about their livelihoods, and the goals of marine biodiversity conservation as a way forward in preventing dynamite fishing.     

Attitudes of Hong Kong residents to cars and public transport: Some policy implications

Hong Kong currently has low levels of car ownership and use due to a combination of good public transport, high population densities and high private transport costs. However, levels are rising, contributing to congestion and environmental problems. A major response by the government is to seek to increase rail's share of public transport journeys from its current level of 33% to 45% by 2016. After reviewing the transport situation in Hong Kong, the paper discusses the appropriateness of these targets as well as questioning whether they are achievable. The results of a questionnaire survey of 595 residents of Hong Kong, designed to elicit people's attitudes to cars and public transport, are analysed. It is concluded that unless the government does more to curb car ownership and use, rail targets will have little chance of being achieved.     

江西省青少年阳光体育运动开展现状与分析

切实推进江西省青少年阳光体育运动的广泛开展,依据三部委对开展阳光体育运动的相关要求,通过对江西省29所各类学校阳光体育运动开展现状的问卷及实地走访调查。结果发现:小学阶段及地处乡镇学校的青少年对阳光体育运动开展认知程度较低;在29所学校中仅有12.7%青少年能够保证每天参加一小时的锻炼,70%左右的青少年没有达到掌握两项体育技能的基本要求;部分学校开展阳光体育运动的相关激励、评价等制度不健全,有待完善。建议有关部门和学校采取积极有效地措施进一步推进阳光体育运动的开展。     

浅议共青团组织在高职院校思想引领中的作用与实践路径

新形势下,高职院校大学生的思想意识和价值取向呈现出新的特点,共青团组织在大学生思想引领中显得至关重要。通过分析现状,提出加强对高职院校共青团组织的建设和管理,充分发挥自身职能的重要作用。本文还探索思想引领的实践路径,引导广大高职大学生树立正确的价值观念,为他们的成长成才服务。     

试论高校在培养青年马克思主义者中的作用

培养青年马克思主义者，使他们坚定中国特色社会主义的理想信念，事关党的事业后继有人，事关国家的兴旺发达。培养青年马克思主义者不仅具有重要的战略地位和意义，也是高校的一项重要战略任务。为深入贯彻党的十七大精神，高校应着力探索如何培养青年马克思主义者的有力措施。     

基于多元回归模型的青少年交通安全行为分析

为了提高广州市青少年交通安全水平,保障青少年交通安全。基于广州市青少年安全调查数据对青少年交通安全行为影响因素进行了研究。通过定量分析的方法筛选出了与青少年交通安全最密切相关的4项指标(教育、意识、态度、个人因素),设计并使用调查问卷,获得交通安全教育、意识、态度的评分,运用SPSS19.0采用皮尔逊(Pearson )相关分析以及多元回归模型分析进行实证分析。结果表明,教育、意识、态度、个人因素能够很好地解释青少年交通安全行为得分,所有变量的显著性水平sig .均小于0.05,可以认为所有变量均有显著影响,能够很好地应用在青少年交通安全行为的评价之中。      

论青少年道德意识的形成和自律

道德是一个民族的灵魂,漠视灵魂塑造的民族是没有希望的民族。今天青少年道德素质的好坏直接关系到未来中国的走向。市场经济的深入发展,为青少年今后的全面发展提供了多样的可能和广阔空间。但另一方面:一些负面影响也使部分青少年精神空虚、道德缺失、甚至走上违法犯罪的歧途,提高青少年的道德意识已迫在眉睫。培养青少年的道德意识,使其自觉地运用道德意识来评价和调节道德行为是当前青少年道德教育的工作重点。     

浅论社会主义市场经济条件下的青年励志教育

当前很多青年存在的既对自己生存的环境压力感觉比较大,对未来前途忧心忡忡;但又缺乏明确志向,处于一种"无目标状态",缺乏励志目标的心理困扰。应该积极引导青年匡正励志误区,明确励何志,要在教育中学会赏识,学会激发内动力,正确对待挫折,积极投身实践,精心品味励志佳作,创造一个积极向上的社会环境。