气相色谱法测定潜艇空气中甲苯和二甲苯的代谢物

本文提出了一种测定尿中马尿酸和甲基马尿本的气相色谱法。该方法的精密度为ＨＡ：１．６％－１．９％；ＭＨＡ：１．８％－２．８％，准确度为ＨＡ：９５．０％－１０３．％，ＭＨＡ：９６．７％－１０５．０％，ＨＡ和ＭＨＱ的最低检出浓度均为１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，尿样加入１％的氯仿在４℃下可保存４０天以上。     

3.0T二维多体素磁共振波谱对新生儿脑发育评价的研究

目的应用二维多体素磁共振波谱(MRS)比较新生早产儿与足月儿大脑基底节层面不同部位代谢物比值的差异,分析代谢物比值与校正胎龄的相关性,探讨MRS在新生儿脑发育评价中的意义。方法研究对象为在3.0T磁共振成像设备行头颅MRS检查的正常新生儿。选取大脑基底节层面为感兴趣区,应用PRESS序列(TR=1 000ms,TE=144ms)进行二维多体素扫描;测量双侧豆状核、丘脑及侧脑室前角旁脑白质胆碱(Cho)、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)与肌酸(Cr)的波峰下面积,记录Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho与NAA/Cr代谢物比值;比较早产儿与足月儿各部位代谢物比值的差异,以及部位间代谢物比值的差异,分析各部位代谢比值与校正胎龄的相关性。结果共纳入正常新生儿54例(早产/足月,27/27)。豆状核、丘脑及侧脑室前角旁脑白质3个部位Cho/Cr早产儿均较足月儿高(P<0.05),NAA/Cho均较足月儿低(P<0.001),NAA/Cr仅在豆状核早产儿较足月儿高(P<0.001),其他部位无差异。早产儿部位间代谢物比值均有统计学差异(P<0.05);足月儿代谢物比值在豆状核与侧脑室前角旁脑白质区部位间有统计学差异(P<0.01),豆状核与丘脑间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。除侧脑室前角旁白质NAA/Cr外,各部位代谢物比值均与校正胎龄相关(P<0.05),豆状核、丘脑及侧脑室前角旁白质Cho/Cr均与校正胎龄呈负相关(r=-0.325、-0.633、-0.438),NAA/Cho均与校正胎龄呈正相关(r=0.604、0.773、0.483);NAA/Cr在豆状核、丘脑与校正胎龄呈正相关(r=0.487、0.367)。结论新生儿脑内代谢物存在部位差异及随龄性的时空变化特点,通过多体素MRS有望建立脑内不同部位不同胎龄正常值范围,用于脑发育的评价及疾病的早期诊断。     

秋季行车防秋乏

（1）多吃富含维生素的食物。维生素是真正的清醒剂,它能把人体疲劳积存的代谢物尽快处理掉。秋天蔬菜和水果较为丰富,多吃些西红柿、茄子、葡萄、梨等,这些食物都能帮助克服疲乏。     

正常人脑氢质子磁共振波谱的研究

目的建立正常人脑额叶、基底节和海马各部位氢质子波谱的正常值标准。方法对160例健康志愿者(青年组和老年组各80例)额叶、基底节和海马进行波谱研究,测定各部位NAA、Cr、Cho的峰下面积并计算NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cr+Cho)、Cr/NAA、Cr/Cho、Cr/(NAA+Cho)、Cho/NAA、Cho/Cr、Cho/(Cr+Cho)。结果正常人脑上述比值无性别和部位差异(P>0.05),青年组与老年组间部分比值有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论氢质子波谱测定应以波峰下面积的比值作为诊断标准,不需要考虑部位和性别因素,但需考虑年龄因素。     

Rapid quantification of the metabolite of valacyclovir hydrochloride in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Objective To establish a rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of acyclovir (the metabolite of valacyclovir hydrochloride) in human plasma. Methods After addition of ganciclovir as internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation using acetonitrile as precipitant, followed by an isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid 3.5μm) column. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operating in positive ion and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor to product ion transitions m/z 226.2→152.1 for acyclovir and m/z 256.2→152.1 for the IS. Results The analytical results demonstrated a good linearity over the ranges from 0.005 to 4μg/mL (r=0.9999) for valacyclovir hydrochloride. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of intra-batch and inter-batch were less than 4.06% and 9.23%, respectively. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 2ng/mL and 5ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible and has been successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of valacyclovir hydrochloride capsules in Chinese healthy male volunteers.     

丹参乙酸镁活性代谢产物在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征

目的研究丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1(3-′O-monomethyl-lithospermic acid B)和M2(3,′3′-′O-dimethyl-lithosper-mic acid B)在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法大鼠静脉注射丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1或M2,液质联用法进行MRM扫描分析,测定代谢物M1和M2血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果采用该液质联用色谱测定血浆样品中丹参乙酸镁代谢物的方法,血浆内源性物质均不干扰样品峰,相对回收率为:87%-101.4%,日间和日内相对变异系数(CV%)均小于9.77%,血浆中的最低定量限为1μg/L(S/N≥3),线性范围为16-4 096μg/L。M1和M2的t1/2z分别为(1.54±0.81)h和(1.52±0.42)h,MRT(0-t)分别为(0.46±0.07)h和(0.33±0.05)h,AUC(0-tn)分别为(13.63±2.7)(mg.h)/L和(14.96±2.54)(mg.h)/L。结论M1和M2静脉注射的体内代谢过程符合二室模型,消除较快。