围产期母体营养状态对子代下丘脑食欲调控网络胚胎编程的研究进展

围产期的不良营养因素对子代相关组织的发育具有程控作用,可能引起能量代谢异常并导致代谢相关性疾病的发病。下丘脑是各种食欲调节信号的主要整合中枢,目前已发现多种食欲调节肽在下丘脑食欲调节网络中都扮演了重要的角色。研究表明,下丘脑的食欲调节网络在出生前就已建立,孕晚期及断奶前是食欲调控神经系统的分化发育的关键时期。食欲的调控是一个复杂的生理过程,多种递质、调质或肽类物质参与介导这一机制。其中,脂肪细胞释放的瘦素(leptin)是调控食欲和能量代谢的重要因子。Leptin在围产期母体肥胖程控子代肥胖及代谢异常中可能同样扮演着重要角色,下丘脑食欲调控神经网络的正常发育也一定程度地依赖于出生早期leptin水平的迅速升高。下丘脑的多个脑区,包括摄食调控中枢神经元均表达瘦素受体。研究围产期营养状态对子代下丘脑leptin神经调控网络发育的胚胎编程作用对揭示代谢性疾病发病的先天因素具有重要意义。     

Study on the toxic effect of the mixture of organophosphorus pesticide on perinatal rats

Objective To observe the toxic effect of the mixture of organophosphorus pesticide （MOP） on maternal rats and on the growth and development of their offspring. Methods Totally 40 Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were randomly divided into three MOP dose groups and one control to which their offspring would be assigned, The experimental dosage of MOP and distilled water were administered orally starting on gestation day 15 and continued for 35 days. The physical development indices and the learning ability of F1 rats were measured during lactation. The pathological changes of uterus and liver of F0 rats were observed after weaning, while the weight ratio of uterus and some viscera to body of the F1 were examined. Results There were obvious changes of uterus and liver in the high-dose group of F0. The body-weight accretion of the F1 in high-dose group was obviously lower than that in control group （P〈0.05）. Some of the MOP F1 rats development indices delayed significantly （P〈 0. 05）, the learning ability decreased obviously, and the time of setting up memory prolonged （P〈0.05）. The ratio of the uterus weight to bodyweight in the F1 MOP groups was significantly higher than that in control group （P〈0. 05）. Oonclusion The experiment doses of MOP are proved to have significant reproductive toxicity on perinatai rats.     

周至县1992年妇女围产保健情况调查

对周至县1992年分娩孕产妇进行了抽样调查。结果表明:在直接反映孕产妇围产期保健情况的几项主要指标中,除产前检查率、孕3月初检率、新法接生率达到全国农村围产期保健质量乙级标准和要求外,产后出血发生率、住院分娩率和产后访视率均未达到乙级标准;高危住院分娩率仅占22.22％;而且当出现严重合并症和并发症时,及时就诊率只占65.51％。但与该县1989年保健情况调查资料相比,产前检查率、产前检查≥3次率、新法接生率已有明显改善;但产后访视率、住院分娩率未有提高。本次定性调查还显示妇女自我保健意识差,封建思想仍很严重。