Effect of seaweed proliferation on benthic habitat quality assessed by Sediment Profile Imaging

Changes in sediment quality, with special reference to benthic habitat conditions resulting from macroalgae overgrowth, were studied in the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Data were collected biweekly in spring and summer from 1993 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2002, as part of the macroalgae growth control strategies managed by the Venice Water Authority-Consorzio Venezia Nuova. Benthic habitat conditions were studied by means of Sediment Profile Imaging, which allowed the collection of several variables: aRPD (apparent redox potential discontinuity), prism penetration depth, presence of anoxia on the surface of the sediment, presence of reduced gas bubbles, stage of benthic colonization. All these variables led to the calculation of an environmental index (Organism–Sediment Index, OSI), which was then related to physical variables and macroalgae abundance. Until 1996, the overall benthic habitat of the Venice Lagoon showed almost stressed conditions; from 1997, the seaweed biomass rapidly declined and the OSI increased significantly. The OSI seemed to be affected by seaweed biomass, sediment compactness and water depth. Macroalgae biomass greater than 4.5 kg/m² led to the complete disappearance of stage III of benthic colonization; values as low as 0.70 kg m² already had a severe impact on recolonization. SPI attributes indicated the main mechanisms that could have contributed to the benthic quality: seaweed proliferation is often followed by rapid decay of macroalgae biomass, especially when present in large amounts. The decrease in seaweed biomass often results in oxygen depletion in the water column and thus in the sediment, preventing complete benthic colonization. This research confirms the importance of in situ rapid reconnaissance surveys to assess the impact of eutrophication on the benthic habitat.     

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板打磨关键技术研究

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板打磨技术体系由打磨软件统领,包括生产管理、磨床控制、打磨操作、激光测量、雕刻5个子系统技术。通过对打磨技术体系的研究,尤其是对五轴机床联动技术、数控机床、磨刀技术、模腔循环技术等打磨技术体系关键技术的研究分析,提出了建立自主的无砟轨道技术体系是我国高速铁路建设的必经之路。通过石武客专、京沪高速铁路的使用和验证,表明自主系统比国外系统有更强的适应性,填补了国内空白。     

GCY300Ⅱ型轨道车转向架构架强度分析与结构改进

介绍了GCY300Ⅱ型轨道车转向架构架结构特点,采用TB/T 1335- 1996对该构架进行静强度仿真及动应力试验,并进行对比分析,验证仿真模型的正确性.就构架焊接工艺性差的问题提出结构改进方案,对比分析结构改进前后的静强度仿真计算结果.计算分析结果表明:结构改进前后的强度均满足铁标规范要求,改进方案更合理实用.     

冲击荷载下CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道结构振动与噪声的关联性研究

为揭示冲击荷载作用下无砟轨道结构振动和噪声的内在关联性,采用1∶1足尺模型对CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道结构进行多组冲击振动试验。通过在板式无砟轨道不同方向、不同位置的锤击,获得钢轨轨顶、轨腰、轨底各个位置的加速度及声强声压数据,采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)获得了振动和噪声的频谱图,并进行频域特性对比分析,研究振动和噪声的内在关联性。结果表明:侧向冲击荷载下,轨顶轨腰处声强主要与侧向振动有关,频谱图峰值对应良好;垂向冲击荷载下,0~1 500 Hz区段的声强主要受垂向振动影响。     

客运专线Ⅱ型板预制场的布置分析

我国铁路客运专线技术全面进入无砟轨道时代。无砟轨道作为一种新型的轨道结构,已经成为未来我国轨道交通建设的发展方向。此文对此无砟轨道道床中的Ⅱ型板的制作工艺进行阐述,并对预制板场的布置和规模进行探讨,以期为轨道板预制场等大临工程费用的计算提供基础资料。     

简支梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道制动力影响因素分析

运用ANSYS分析软件建立轨道-桥梁系统模型.分析列车在桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道施加制动力情况下,底座与桥面间设置的滑动层和底座与桥梁间设置的固结机构共同作用,以及滑动层单独作用时,不同滑动层摩擦系数对轨道各结构部件受力影响.计算分析结果表明:固结机构是传递制动力的主要结构;当采用合理滑动层摩擦系数时,依靠滑动层和固结机构相互作用,可削弱梁-轨相互作用,使桥梁墩台受力合理.     

CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道桥上底座板施工工艺浅议

介绍杭甬客专CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道底座板施工工艺及方法。通过对桥上底座板的施工分析,做出合理施工方法及施工安排,确保可以在较短的工期内保质保量完成底座板施工。     

振动压路机起振过程分析

运用机械系统虚拟样机软件ADAMS建立了振动压路机激振器的虚拟样机，并利用其进行了振动压路机起振过程的仿真研究，分析了液压系统压力对启动过程中档销受力及对动偏心块和固定偏心块运动学参数的影响。     

AMT换挡品质的研究

电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）具有传动效率高、结构紧凑及工作可靠等优点。介绍了AMT换挡品质的定义及其影响因素，分析了几种影响因素之间的内在关系，并在此理论基础上寻求一种可获得最佳AMT换挡品质的方法。AMT按照其对发动机控制方式的不同，可分为柔性控制和刚性控制结构。     

灰色预测方法在沥青混合料永久变形研究中的应用

通过高温下沥青混合料蠕变试验发现,加载30min时滞后弹性变形基本完成,可以近似认为其后发生的变形为粘性变形,从而利用灰色预测模型,对加载过程中30min至60min的变形数据进行逆向拟合,得到整个加载过程中的永久变形方程。然后利用坐标变换,得到了时间序列下沥青混合料的永久变形规律。相比于常规的数据拟合方法,由于采用了加载后段的数据进行拟合,避免了开始加载过程中虚假变形的影响,使得拟合的结果更加准确。