Trends in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of future light duty electric vehicles

The majority of previous studies examining life cycle greenhouse gas (LCGHG) emissions of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have focused on efficiency-oriented vehicle designs with limited battery capacities. However, two dominant trends in the US BEV market make these studies increasingly obsolete: sales show significant increases in battery capacity and attendant range and are increasingly dominated by large luxury or high-performance vehicles. In addition, an era of new use and ownership models may mean significant changes to vehicle utilization, and the carbon intensity of electricity is expected to decrease. Thus, the question is whether these trends significantly alter our expectations of future BEV LCGHG emissions.To answer this question, three archetypal vehicle designs for the year 2025 along with scenarios for increased range and different use models are simulated in an LCGHG model: an efficiency-oriented compact vehicle; a high performance luxury sedan; and a luxury sport utility vehicle. While production emissions are less than 10% of LCGHG emissions for today’s gasoline vehicles, they account for about 40% for a BEV, and as much as two-thirds of a future BEV operated on a primarily renewable grid. Larger battery systems and low utilization do not outweigh expected reductions in emissions from electricity used for vehicle charging. These trends could be exacerbated by increasing BEV market shares for larger vehicles. However, larger battery systems could reduce per-mile emissions of BEVs in high mileage applications, like on-demand ride sharing or shared vehicle fleets, meaning that trends in use patterns may countervail those in BEV design.     

电动汽车用NiMH电池建模及基于状态空间的SOC预测方法

电动汽车的电池管理系统需要精确、可靠的电池荷电状态(SOC)预测器。针对氢镍(NiMH)电池，提出了一种集总参数等效电路模型，介绍了通过实验获得电池参数的方法。该模型考虑了温度对电池参数的影响，能反映电池充放电的动态过程。文中用状态空间描述了R—C电池模型，在此基础上建立了一种新的基于状态空间的SOC递推算法，并对电池的充放电过程进行了仿真计算。分析表明，提出的SOC估计方法同样可用于其它类型的动力电池。     

电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求标准对比分析

以现行的动力蓄电池安全国家标准GB/T 31485和GB/T 31467.3为依据,对国内外涉及动力蓄电池安全性的标准进行概述;其次,将其分别与国际标准和GB 38031-2020《电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求》进行对比分析。以期为蓄电池安全性的研究设计及检测机构的检测工作提供参考。     

Batteries in offshore support vessels – Pollution,climate impact and economics

This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea operations. They have multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems to ensure that they can perform their duties with high reliability at nearly any sea state. Combined with high safety requirements, this has resulted in general operational patterns with vessels running multiple combustion engines even at calm water conditions. For emissions, low engine loads yield high emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), due to less favorable combustion conditions. The high span for these vessels between low loads and high, and their great need for potential power at short notice, motivate our examination of hybrid setups with electric: the vessel segment should be more favorable than many. We find that combining batteries with combustion engines reduces local pollution and climate impact, while the economics with current battery cost and fuel prices is good enough for new vessels, but not good enough for retrofits.     

电动汽车用电池的发展概况

电池是决定电动汽车性能的主要因素,近年来发展较快,本文概述了电动汽车用电池的种类、基本技术指标、现状及发展趋势。