A1-A1接头共晶接触反应钎焊的研究

本文研究了用Zn和Zn—Cu作中间夹层金属与Al形成共晶液相实现Al—Al接头的共晶反应钎焊。试验表明用Zn作中间夹层虽可与母材铝形成低熔点共晶液相,但由于对铝的强烈溶蚀作用,无法形成钎焊接头;在Al和Zn之间添加很薄的一层铜箔,可以防止Zn对Al的溶蚀,并与Zn、Al形成共晶液相,形成良好的钎焊接头。     

阳安二线膨胀土填料改良研究

拟建阳安二线沿线膨胀土广泛分布,膨胀土不能直接作为路基填料,如果选取合格填料,运距较远、投资大,而且挖方地段的膨胀土又得弃掉、占地多,极不经济。通过选取现场两处代表性取土场取样,生石灰粉作添加剂,按4%、6%、8%、10%四个级别的掺入比做室内改良试验,试验表明:生石灰掺入比大于4%改良后,能达到消除膨胀性的目的,改良土有较好的水稳性和较高的强度,能满足设计要求;改良土较原膨胀土有较高的抗压强度和剪切强度,且随生石灰的掺入比增加而增大;得出了路基不同部位、不同膨胀级别膨胀土的生石灰粉掺入比,为阳安二线路基填料设计提供了理论依据。     

Statistical comparison of trace metal concentrations in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in selected sites of Galicia and Gulf of Biscay (Spain)

Concentrations of five trace metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn) in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Galician and Gulf of Biscay areas in Spain were monitored from 2000 to 2004. A pool of mussel soft tissue was prepared using 50 or more individuals representing the available size range (35–60 mm) present at the sampling points (A Coruña, Pontevedra and Vigo–Galicia, NW of Spain—and Avilés, Bilbao and Santander–Gulf of Biscay). Metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS, (flame–AAS: Cu and Zn; graphite furnace–AAS: Cd and Pb; flow injection-cold vapour–AAS: total Hg). Quality of the chemical analyses was assessed by participation in periodic QUASIMEME intercalibration exercises carried out from 2000 to 2004, while the present study was developed . Univariate statistical studies, Anova (Analysis of the Variance) and Principal Component Analysis (autoscaled data, Varimax rotation) were carried out. Differences between the two areas as well as certain temporal trends were found and, in general, the Gulf of Biscay samples showed higher metallic contents, mainly close to Avilés, where iron and steel factories thrown residues for years into a nearby coastal area.     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

稀土元素对低温铝基钎料性能影响的研究

本文研究了稀土元素Y、Ce对Al—Zn—Cu—Si系列低温铝基钎料的熔化温度、钎焊工艺性、电极电位及其接头的机械性能、抗腐蚀性能的影响规律,结果表明:少量Y、Ce能细化晶粒,改变组织的分布状态,它们不改变钎料的电极电位,但却提高了钎焊接头的机械性能和抗腐蚀性。     

高速铁路无砟轨道路基填料动力试验荷载分析

为获得高速铁路无砟轨道路基填料的动力试验参数,建立无砟轨道-路基系统三维有限元数值模型,模拟8辆编组的动车运行过程,结合实测数据分析轨道不平顺、列车速度、轴重、深度等因素对竖向动应力的影响。结果表明:路基动应力的一次加卸载过程,由同一转向架的两对轮载或相邻转向架的两对轮载共同完成;车速对动应力幅值影响较小,但引起路基承受荷载的作用频率呈线性增大;列车车轴重每增加10 kN,路基表面的动应力增加约0.97 kPa;无砟轨道路基承受荷载的作用频率为车长频率的1~4倍,且轨道不平顺没有改变荷载主频。依据动应力时程曲线特征及其频谱特征,采用全压正弦函数建立路基填料动力试验荷载表达式,加载频率可取车长频率的1~3倍。     

固体推进剂包覆层的研究进展

本文综述了几类包覆层常用的基体材料的优缺点及其主要改性技术,对常用填料及包覆工艺作了介绍。阐述了包覆层技术发展的主要方向,对今后研究提出几点建议。     

自控式粉料撒布机

介绍了一种获得中国专利的新型结构的自控式粉料撒布机的工作原理和几个主要参数的确定以及在质量控制方面的特点     

交通活动对道路两侧土壤中重金属含量的影响

道路上的车辆是导致道路两侧土壤污染的主要因素。在这些污染物中,以重金属对土壤的污染受到人们最为广泛的关注。车辆的排放物是导致道路两侧土壤重金属污染与积累的重要原因,这些排放物包括：汽油中铅的化合物、润滑油的燃烧、汽车轮胎与道路的磨擦产生的微尘、刹车里衬的机械磨损等。同时,道路所处的自然环境,如地形地貌、降水量、日照量、季风等也决定了这些重金属在道路两侧的累积程度和分布格局。此外,道路上车辆的主要类型、车流量的大小也对土壤中重金属含量有较大的影响。总的来说,道路两侧土壤中的重金属呈带状分布于道路两侧,且含量随距离的增加呈指数形式下降。     

碱渣用作沥青混合料填料的可行性研究

首先运用多种物化分析方法对碱渣的化学成分、相成分和微观形貌等性质进行了全面分析。然后对碱渣开展了浸出试验和混合料模拟溢出试验以封闭碱渣中的可溶盐成分和氯离子。通过硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠对碱渣的改性，提高了碱渣在沥青中的分散性能。最后，对碱渣沥青胶浆、碱渣沥青混合料的各种宏观性能做了深入的研究。研究结果证实。碱渣作为沥青混合料填料是可行的和安全的，除了可以显著提高沥青混合料的高温稳定性之外，还可以明显改善抗剥落性能。