Determination of Critical Slip Surface of Soil Slope

A new complex method is presented considering not only the improvement upon the ＂bad ＂design point, but also the diversity of the newly generated complex, which is obtained by replacing the ＂bad ＂design point with the better design point located at the line between the ＂bad ＂design point and the ceotroid of the remaining design points of the old complex. The new complex method is applied to searching for the critical slip surface of two non-homogeneous soil slopes. The comparison of the results obtained by the new complex method with that by the basic complex method shows that the new complex method is much more likely to find the true critical surface for the randomly generated initial complex.     

西安火车站咽喉区下地铁车站设计与优化研究

为保障西安火车站复杂条件下地铁车站的建设安全,首先开展地铁线路和站位比选,综合考虑建设安全及换乘方便等因素,提出地铁车站优化设计方案,进而讨论地铁车站NTR施工方案,采用数值手段分析不同施工阶段的位移变化规律。结果表明:方案2为最佳线位走向,地铁线路少部分入侵大明宫保护范围,施工规划满足工期要求;地铁车站采用NTR工法进行施工,钢管顶进对应拱顶处地层最大沉降量为-11.3 mm、地表路基沉降量为-9.6 mm,土体分层分步开挖引起拱顶处竖向最大沉降值达到-29 mm、地表路基沉降量为-22.7 mm;针对施工沉降控制难点过程提供对应的沉降控制措施。采用方案2及NTR方案可满足火车站咽喉区下地铁车站的建设安全与工期要求,研究结果可为类似工程的地铁车站设计提供依据。     

汽车车身复杂钣金件的拓扑优化设计

利用有限元方法，结合零件的造型、约束、受力和模态等特点，对汽车车身复杂钣金件进行了拓扑分析和设计。利用激光模态分析仪对实物进行了模态测量，分析结果和测量结果基本一致。从而验证了拓扑优化方法可以用于复杂钣金件的设计，并可以获得最佳的结构和力学特性。     

公路生态系统服务功能分析及评估

文章探讨了公路生态系统的生态服务功能,提出价值评估指标体系及定量评估方法,为公路生态系统的恢复或重建提供理论依据,对全面、正确评价公路生态系统有积极意义。     

基于MIMO法的行星齿轮减速器的模态试验

针对行星齿轮减速器,采用MIMO方法进行模态试验,将方案一(弹性绳悬挂)和方案二(弹性绳和充气轮胎混合支撑)两种形式下高频信号和低频信号得到的六组试验数据用LMS模态分析软件进行处理,得到七阶模态频率及其振型,及各阶模态的模态质量、模态刚度和模态阻尼等信息。最后分别对两种方案进行模态可信度和有效性分析,分析结果表明,两种方案在模态参数估计上都能取得相对合理的结果,方案二在获取低频模态信息方面效果较好,而方案一在获取高频模态信息方面效果较好,具体应用时应根据所关心的频段和模态参数选取不同方案的数据进行参考。     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

基于插补原理的船体复杂曲面加热线布置方法

船体曲面成形技术是船舶加工过程中重要的环节。如何更好更快实现船体复杂曲面加工,一致以来备受国内外学者的关注。本文借鉴插补原理,对传统船体复杂曲面加热线布置进行了优化设计,得到了圆弧形板、s形板、帆形板和马鞍板的加热线。采用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,分析四种加热线下钢板变形情况,并通过实验检验了插补形式下的船体曲面成形效果。结果表明：(1)插补算法得到的船体曲面加热线路程比传统加热线路程节约75%以上。(2)对有限元计算位移进行曲面拟合,得到的预测模型与实际船体曲面基本一致。(3)实验了四种曲面加热线,并将有限元预测位移与实验进行对比,二者误差在6%以内,有限元计算与实验结果基本吻合。该方法降低加工时间,提高加工效率。     

多沙河道中的泥沙治理

为解决多沙河道中淤积泥沙资源化利用困难和生态景观差的问题,以嘎斯汰河泥沙治理为例,分析水沙过程及河床演变规律,采用梯级跌水沉沙和景观坝相结合的方法治理泥沙,能够在洪水期上拦粗沙以资源化利用,下排细沙以改善淤积形态;在非洪水期中下段实现清水满槽,提高了植物成活率,对水生态系统的构建有重要意义,并为后续工程提供借鉴。     

我国路域生态系统建设中存在的问题及对策

针对我国路域生态系统建设中存在的很多问题,从不同方面分析了问题产生的原因,提出注重人与自然和谐统一的理念,合理运用生态学、经济学理论。全公路行业在这个问题上达成共识是建设和谐路域生态系统的根本途径。     

海洋生态系统及海岸工程生态影响预测模型研究进展

对海洋生态系统的研究已形成了以实验观测为基础、建立生态模型的方法。文章对已有的海洋生态模型研究成果进行了归纳总结,认为初级生产力模型是纯生态模型的主要发展方向,综合考虑物理生化作用的生态系统动力学模型将是未来海洋生态研究的必然趋势。同时,由于我国大规模海岸工程建设对近岸海域生态系统造成了较大影响,而相关的生态影响预测模型研究较少,为有效预测评价海岸工程建设对近岸海域生态系统的影响,进一步深入研究海岸工程建设对近岸海洋生态影响预测模型将显得尤为重要。