Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the ‘V’ diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.     

FFA在航运市场风险管理中的应用

随着国际干散货贸易的繁荣和运价波动性的加大,在过去几年里FFA市场也得到较大发展。分析国际干散货航运市场的不确定性,介绍远期运费协议(FFA)的含义及其在国际干散货航运市场中的发展情况,探讨FFA风险管理的作用,最后,面对航运市场较大的波动性,提出中国船东和租家必须学会利用FFA这一新的工具进行风险管理的建议。     

光源前置消光法测量缸内碳烟瞬态生成过程

开发了一种全新的碳烟测量方法——光源前置消光法(FILE),并进行了台架开发和标定试验.结果表明,FILE测量碳烟仅需一个光学窗口且激光两次穿过碳烟生成区域,因此更适用于结构位置紧凑的发动机缸内测量.采用高速摄像机拍摄了柴油燃烧过程中碳烟情况.表明:碳烟高密度区主要集中在油束下游火焰中心区和缸壁附近低氧区域;环境温度为...     

基于正装迭代法的斜拉桥二次调索计算方法研究

索力计算是斜拉桥二次调索的关键技术环节。文章以一座采用二次调索施工的斜拉桥为例,介绍了运用结合影响矩阵的正装迭代法计算斜拉桥二次调索施工索力的方法,并通过施工过程仿真分析,验证了该方法计算结果精确,能有效控制斜拉桥施工过程的内力与线形,确保设计成桥状态得以实现。     

道路运输车辆达标车型整车主动安全项目测试简析

道路运输车辆达标车型的实施,有效提升了道路运输车辆的安全性能。文章主要从电子稳定性控制系统、车道偏离预警系统、前向碰撞预警系统、自动紧急制动系统四个整车主动安全测试项目对道路运输车辆达标车型相应标准进行介绍,为道路运输车辆达标车型相关从业人员提供了主动安全整车项目试验参考。     

城市道路交叉口优化设计的探索

交叉口设计是城市道路设计的重要组成部分。为了提高城市道路平面交叉口通行能力和确保安全的前提下，对现有交叉口优化设计上进行了有益的尝试，取得了良好的效果。这对现有交叉口的优化有一定的借鉴意义。     

车辆前向仿真平台的开发设计

设计了一种基于模糊PID控制的车辆前向仿真平台.该平台的主要特点是采用模糊PID算法实现了对驾驶员模型的控制,模型的能量流与信息流均与实际车辆相同,并允许用户自行设计车辆及部件的仿真模型并添加到数据库中.实例分析表明,该平台的仿真精度高于传统的后向仿真平台精度.     

An inverse railway wagon model and its applications

An inverse wagon model was developed to estimate wheel–rail contact forces using only measurements of wagon body responses as inputs. The purpose of this work was to provide mathematical modelling to embed in low-cost devices that can be mounted on each freight wagon in a large wagon fleet. To minimize cost, complication, and the maintenance inconvenience of these devices, the constraint is imposed that transducers and connections are limited to locations on the wagon body. Inputs to the inverse model developed include only vertical and lateral translational accelerations and angular accelerations of roll, pitch, and yaw of the wagon body. The model combines the integration and partial modal matrix (PMM) techniques together to form an IPMM method. Besides wheel–rail contact forces some motion quantities such as the lateral and yaw displacements of wheelset are also predicted. Results from the inverse model were compared with data from full scale laboratory suspension tests for vertical suspension excitations. The inverse model was also compared with results from simulations completed in VAMPIRE^® for more complicated track input profiles. The model results and the applications of the model are discussed.     

商用车前撞报警算法研究

汽车前撞报警系统能够有效避免追尾危险,对提高交通安全具有重要意义。针对商用车,提出了危险系数的概念及适应驾驶员特性的基于危险系数Crisk的报警算法,确定了报警启动逻辑,通过真实道路实验获得驾驶员特性实验数据,得到不同类型驾驶员跟车行为特性参数,并且根据驾驶员异常行为的实验数据统计得到报警阈值。通过硬件在环仿真实验和实车试验,统计分析了系统报警的正确率、漏警率和误警率。试验结果表明,提出的前撞报警算法能够有效体现不同类型的驾驶员特性,提高了系统的可接受性。     

航运市场运费套期保值方法探讨

分析研究了2种运费套期保值方法远期运价协议和运价指数期货合约，通过典型案例论证了租船人和船东都能利用这2种方法，锁定运费收入或支出，从而规避运价风险的目的；同时对这2种方法进行了分析比较，指出运价指数期货合约具有灵活性且安全的特点，但二者费用有差异，运价指数期货合约需要一定的保证金，实际费用等于经纪人的佣金(通常为0．3％)加上现金保证金的利息。