Locating rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system

To determine the spatial distribution of rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system, this paper proposes a facility location and network design model. The model is developed as a multi-objective programing problem that considers four objectives (minimizing cyclist risk, maximizing cyclist comfort, minimizing adverse impacts on traffic and maximizing service coverage) and multiple constraints (monetary budget, network connectivity, station spacing, bikeway types, station number and value ranges of decision variables). The ε-constraint method solves the programing problem for the public bike system in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan. The nine non-dominated alternatives generated are all markedly better than existing locations of rental stations and bikeways. Scenario analysis results indicate that increasing the construction budget for bikeways significantly improves cyclist safety and comfort whilst increasing the adverse impact on traffic. Planners can use this model to develop public bike systems that spatially integrate rental stations and bikeway networks.     

并联混合动力汽车ECMS的时变等效因子提取算法的研究

为解决当前等效燃油消耗最小控制策略(ECMS)未能根据实际工况选取最优等效因子的问题,利用动态规划算法(DP)和ECMS各自的优点,构建并联混合动力汽车能量算法模型,即采用动态规划算法的等效燃油消耗最小控制策略(ECMSwDP),将等效因子作为全局最优算法的控制变量,通过对等效因子的离散全局优化,获得基于工况的最佳时变等效因子。在标准工况下对时变等效因子实时控制策略与全局最优控制策略DP的各项性能参数进行了数值仿真,验证了时变等效因子提取算法的有效性和等效因子初始值选取方法的可行性。     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

牵引变电所继电保护测试软件研究

为了实现牵引变电所继电保护的自动测试,设计了一种新的继电保护测试软件。本文介绍了单体和整组继电器测试数据的处理方法、测试软件系统的数据库逻辑结构及程控电源命令字的生成过程。     

Bicycle lane priority: Promoting bicycle as a green mode even in congested urban area

The main obstacles to boosting the bicycle as a mode of transport are safety concerns due to interactions with motorized traffic. One option is to separate cyclists from motorists through exclusive bicycle priority lanes. This practice is easily implemented in uncongested traffic. Enforcing bicycle lanes on congested roads may degenerate the network, making the idea very hard to sell both to the public and the traffic authorities. Inspired by Braess Paradox, we take an unorthodox approach to seeking latent misutilized capacity in the congested networks to be dedicated to exclusive bicycle lanes. The aim of this study is to tailor an efficient and practical method to large size urban networks. Hence, this paper appeals to policy makers in their quest to scientifically convince stakeholder that bicycle is not a secondary mode, rather, it can be greatly accommodated along with other modes even in the heart of the congested cities. In conjunction with the bicycle lane priority, other policy measures such as shared bicycle scheme, electric-bike, integration of public transport and bicycle are also discussed in this article. As for the mathematical methodology, we articulated it as a discrete bilevel mathematical programing. In order to handle the real networks, we developed a phased methodology based on Branch-and-Bound (as a solution algorithm), structured in a less intensive RAM manner. The methodology was tested on real size network of city of Winnipeg, Canada, for which the total of 30 road segments – equivalent to 2.77 km bicycle lanes – in the CBD were found.     

基于双层规划模型的公交枢纽内部流线优化

作为以“换乘”为主要功能的公共建筑,公交枢纽是城市交通系统的核心,其在设计阶段最为重要的部分是内部流线设计。内部流线的设计方案直接关系着枢纽运行效率的高低,甚至于枢纽的功能实现。本文对公交枢纽内部流线进行研究,根据枢纽内换乘流线与城市道路网上交通流的相似性,修正城市路网交通分配的方法,寻找到枢纽内部优化的流线,通过“用户平衡（UE,User Equilibrium）”与“系统最优（SO,System Optimization）”两个模型建立了双层优化模型,并设计遗传算法和模拟退火混合算法进行了求解。采用北京某公交枢纽的数据进行了案例研究,结果表明本文提出的方法对于公交枢纽内部流线优化设计是非常有效的。     

基于改进的PESP高速铁路列车运行图研究

借鉴国内外铁路列车运行图的编制理论和方法,基于周期规划事件(Period Event Scheduling Problem,PESP)的思想,构建周期性列车运行图模型。考虑我国列车运行组织的特点及周期性列车运行图模型的求解复杂性,对模型进行改造,以列车的总停站时间和总运行时间最小为目标,建立到发顺序为已知条件的周期运行图模型。改造后的模型为整数线性规划模型,大大降低模型求解复杂度。借助通用建模软件GAMS/COINBONMIN,编程求解得到列车的周期运行时刻表。     

引入价格窗的定制公交线路优化研究

基于公共交通的公益性,综合考虑乘客与公交企业之间的权衡关系,以保证企业运营成本与服务更多乘客为目标,在浮动票价机制的框架下研究定制公交的线路优化问题。首先,引入价格窗概念,以描述乘客出行过程中的支付意愿,并定义基于时空窗与价格窗的出行需求特征;提 出超额均摊的票价支付假设规则,以在保证出行的基础上支付最少费用。其次,构建引入价格窗的整数线性规划模型,以乘客出行的时空窗和价格窗为输入,以企业运营成本最小化和服务乘客数最大化为目标,通过运营盈利约束来保证企业的运营成本,联合优化乘客-车辆匹配和车辆路径两个子问题。最后,采用GAMS软件进行建模和求解,在Sioux Falls网络开展算例分析。结果 表明,引入浮动票价机制可以服务更多的乘客,进而增加企业的运营收入,且在价格窗上界一定 的增幅内,所服务乘客数和企业的运营收入随价格窗上界增幅的扩大而增加。     

Revenue management in the parking industry: a multiple garage intelligent reservation model

This paper explores how advanced reservations, coupled with dynamic pricing (based on booking limits) can be used to maximize parking revenue. An integer programing formulation that maximizes parking revenue over a system of garages is presented. Furthermore, an intelligent parking reservation model is developed that uses an artificial neural network procedure for online reservation decision-making. Finally, the paper provides some strategic and managerial implications of multi-garage revenue management systems, and discusses techniques for identifying and implementing micro-market segmentation in the parking industry.