FAO 核心子系统安全完整性等级 评价方法研究

为探究如何更加实际地评价全自动运行(FAO)系统核心子系统功能的安全完整性等级(SIL),通过研究欧 洲电工标准化委员会(CENELEC)标准中风险模型的构造,给出风险降低因素(RRF)的定义;通过定义的风险降低 因素,建立可容忍事故率(TAR)与可容忍危害率(THR)的换算关系,进而评估出 FAO 系统核心子系统功能次级危 害的可容忍危害率;最后通过其与安全完整性等级的对应关系,得到核心子系统功能的安全完整性等级。应用结 果表明：结合实际的 FAO 工程项目应用成果,给出风险降低因素中各要素的具体示例,可供借鉴;与直接采用 可容忍事故率保守估计安全完整性等级的方法相比,在考虑风险降低因素后评估得到的安全完整性等级更接近实 际情况。     

铁道信号系统安全保障研究

在信号系统的设计、制造、施工、调试等阶段进行安全保障很重要。重点介绍按照欧洲铁路安全标准对铁道信号系统进行交叉接收以及安全管理。     

基于故障模式、影响及危害度分析(FMECA)的地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法

提出了一种地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法。该方法采用FMECA(故障模式、影响及危害度分析),对地铁车辆运营过程中的故障数据进行分析,并根据分析结果对当前的地铁车辆检修工艺进行优化,以提高检修作业的合理性和效率。以地铁车辆高压供电系统为例,说明了该优化方法在地铁车辆高压供电系统上的实施流程;结合相关标准的规定建立了定量化的地铁车辆设备危害性风险评价矩阵,用以确定故障模式的可接受程度;通过建立可接受程度与该检修项点检修等级的对应关系,最终得到检修工艺的优化方案。     

山区公路地质灾害评价模型探讨

目前对公路沿线地质灾害的评价方法以定性评价为主,尚未形成一套行之有效的定量或半定量评价体系和方法。文章根据公路工程的特点以及现有的地质灾害评估理论和实践,并结合公路地质灾害野外调查情况,提出了公路地质灾害发育程度、危害性、发展趋势及危险性评价方法,可供有关部门参考。     

The impact of the Polar Code on risk mitigation in Arctic waters: a “toolbox” for underwriters?

The existing risk weighing on vessel, crew and ecosystem in the Arctic and more globally in Polar waters promoted the adoption of the Polar Code (PC) early 2017, a mandatory international legal framework intended for enhanced safety and environmental protection. While the substance of the PC has been extensively analyzed, few studies have focused on the underlying relationships between the PC and underwriters. Based on an extensive literature review, documentary materials and interviews with insurance companies, this article conceptualizes the PC as a “toolbox” and analyzes how underwriters can exploit it in their work within the emerging Arctic market. The PC does not only regulate the navigation in Arctic waters in legal terms, but is also aimed at mitigating risks in the Polar areas through the identification of hazard sources and proceduralization of risk assessment. As a result we observe a certain “Polar Code paradox”. Even though the PC is a risk-based instrument and constitutes a key step for improving ship insurability, it has only limited capacity to assist underwriters in assessing risks and insuring vessels. Marine insurers still face a lack of data and high pending uncertainties leading them to exercise extreme caution with Arctic risks appraisal.     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

基于.NET框架的重大危险源管理系统的设计与开发

从重大危险源安全监管的现实需要出发,研究了重大危险源管理信息系统的总体框架及其软、硬件结构,开发出了B/S结构的重大危险源管理信息系统。介绍了系统的设计模式、基于.NET平台的多层体系构架设计,阐述了系统的集成、查询、发布和工作流的实现等关键技术,实例验证了研究的可行性。     

油库工业控制系统信息安全防护措施简析

本文结合某港油库的工业控制系统信息安全升级项目,介绍了该港根据《工业控制系统信息安全防护指南》、《工业控制系统信息安全行动计划(2018-2020)》以及国内外相关标准规范的要求,通过多角度评估,建立健全油库工业控制系统的安全保障体系,实现对其全方位的防护。     

西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究

“西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究”项目针对西部地区公路地质灾害危险性区划、滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报及地质灾害安全管理等关键技术问题进行深入系统研究,形成了公路滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报成套技术,建立了公路地质灾害数据标准,构建了“基于GIS的公路地质灾害监测预报信息系统”平台,实现了公路地质灾害监测实时分析处理和动态预报,为地质灾害综合管理提供技术支撑。     

A latent class accelerated hazard model of social activity duration

Over the past decade, activity scheduling processes have gained increasing attention in the field of transportation research. However, still little is known about the scheduling of social activities even though these activities account for a large and growing portion of trips. This paper contributes to this knowledge. We analyze how the duration of social activities is influenced by social activity characteristics and characteristics of the relationship between the respondent and the contacted person(s). To that end, a latent class accelerated hazard model is estimated, based on social interaction diary data that was collected in the Netherlands in 2008. Chi-square tests and analyses of variance are used to test for significant relations between the latent classes and personal and household characteristics. Findings suggest that the social activity characteristics and the characteristics of the relationship between the socializing persons are highly significant in explaining social activity duration. This shows that social activities should not be considered as a homogenous set of activities and it underlines the importance of including the social context in travel-behavior models. Moreover, the results indicate that there is a substantial amount of latent heterogeneity across the population. Four latent classes are identified, showing different social activity durations, and different effects for both categories of explanatory variables. Latent class membership can be explained by household composition, socio-economic status (education, income and work hours), car ownership and the number of interactions in 2 days.