成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

盐渍土地基处理的浸水试验研究

盐渍土作为一种不良土体,由于它的盐溶特性严重影响置于其上的建筑物。采用何种有效的处理方法来降低溶陷沉降量将至关重要。文中以西北某盐渍土机场的地基处理为例,采用浸水预溶的处理方法,在现场分别进行了深层浸水试验、直接浸水试验、浸水后晾晒试验,并对施工工艺、浸水控制、渗水速度确定做了研究。通过试验后检测,浸水预溶试验取得了良好的效果,为指导大面积地基处理施工提供了可靠参数。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

基于激光视觉融合的帧间匹配方法

同步定位与地图构建(Simultaneous Location and Mapping, SLAM)是机器人在未知环境中实现自我导航能力的重要保证。目前SLAM算法使用的主传感器基本是激光雷达或视觉相机。二者各具优劣,激光雷达能更精确地进行测距,视觉相机能反映环境丰富的纹理信息。与使用单一传感器相比,将二者融合的SLAM算法能够获得更多环境信息,达到更好的定位和建图效果。文章提出一种融合激光雷达和视觉相机的帧间匹配方法,通过在SLAM帧间匹配过程中加入地面约束以及视觉特征约束,提高帧间匹配过程精度,增强算法鲁棒性,从而提升SLAM算法整体效果。文章最后利用采集的地下停车库数据进行结果验证,与开源算法A-LOAM进行对比。结果表明,相比A-LOAM的帧间匹配方法,文章提出的方法相对位姿误差提升约30%。     

基于LTE系统的轨道交通辅助定位方法

为保证城市轨道交通运营安全,针对车载控制器(VOBC)出现故障时,调度人员无法获悉列车位置的情况,利用列车接入单元(TAU)上传长期演进系统(LTE)的无线性能指标进行辅助定位。该系统平时进行车辆实际位置和无线性能指标的大数据拟合,在特殊情况时利用拟合曲线和无线性能指标进行辅助定位,为列车安全运行提供可靠的保障。     

探地雷达数值模拟及其在隧道检测中的应用

利用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,对隧道工程检测中常见检测目标进行数值模拟,分析脱空、单层钢筋、双层钢筋等目标体的探地雷达反射信号图像特征,并对隧道检测中的雷达信号图像采用遗传算法进行反演,引入目标相关系数用于反演结果全局寻优,实现对多次反射的压制,降低浅部钢筋反射信号对识别深部目标体的影响。通过对数值模拟结果进行反演,证明该方法理论上的有效性,并结合工程实践中的应用效果,说明该方法的优点与局限性。     

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道施工监测方法

文章以重庆市地铁一号线大坪车站临时施工便道为例,对在浅埋、软岩条件下既有隧道拆除采用工字钢支顶、风镐破岩,新建隧道采用台阶法环形开挖预留核心土、人工非爆破开挖的施工方法,通过现场监控量测,得出最大地表沉降仅为3.82mm,表明采用合理的施工方法可以减少地表沉降。     

下穿公路隧道大管棚施工地表沉降研究

在采用管棚支护的隧道施工中地表沉降主要由管棚施工地表沉降和隧道开挖地表沉降组成。文章结合厦门高崎下穿公路隧道的工程实际,运用现场量测和理论分析的手段,对大管棚施工引起的地表沉降规律进行了研究;现场监测数据也证明,通过公式计算能有效地预测大管棚施工引起的地表沉降,其计算分析结果具有一定的实用价值。     

Analysis of Ground Response and Structure Stress Induced by PBA Method北大核心CSCD

The application of prefabricated tunnel technology has been become a new research field both in China and abroad. Based on the running tunnel between Yufuhe station and Wangfuzhuang station of Jinan rail transit line R1, a new prefabricated tunnel construction technology, the PBA method is presented. This paper makes a detailed discussion on section form, supporting scheme and construction process of the PBA method. In this study, 3D a new 3D numerical model for PBA method is presented by finite difference numerical simulation software Flac and the construction processes are modeled. The rule of ground surface settlement, ground deformation and structural stress caused by PBA method is studied in detail. Results show that the structure of PBA method can effectively control the deformation magnitude and scope. Stress concentration appears at the prefabricated connection parts and the reinforcement needs to check. The total assembled structure forms the load-bearing system after the completion of the lateral wall. The built-in depth of the precast pile and pile bottom grouting quality should to be ensured to control the displacement of the precast piles. The results of this study will be a useful reference for similar projects in the future. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

填海区地铁盾构隧道下穿公路施工地层沉降规律的数值模拟

以深圳地铁2号线盾构隧道下穿填海区滨海大道公路为背景,利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型,研究在隧道施工扰动下,地表的横向沉降和纵向沉降、地层的水平位移和分层沉降的变形规律.仿真计算结果表明:在隧道横断面方向上地表沉降近似呈正态分布,在纵断面方向上地表沉降槽宽度约为15.0 m;距隧道开挖面越近,地层水平位移受车辆荷载和隧道开挖扰动越大;在车辆荷载作用区域,地表沉降和地层水平位移均大于非车辆荷载作用区域,地层的分层沉降和沉降槽宽度均随着地层埋深增加而减小,地层的上部沉降普遍大于下部;在非车辆荷载作用区域,隧道中心线上方的土体沉降随着地层埋深的增加而增加.