载人潜器人因工程研究

对载人潜器人因工程的研究现状、研究范畴、技术手段和发展趋势进行梳理和总结,旨在为指导载人潜器设计总体集成优化、提高潜器综合效能、节省全寿命周期费用及缩减潜器人员编制提供参考。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

基于BLH框架的大深度载人潜水器总体性能的多学科设计优化

建立了一个大深度载人潜水器总体性能多学科设计优化的数学模型,并提出了BLH多学科设计优化框架来对大深度载人潜水器多学科设计优化数学模型进行构建.通过拉丁方试验设计方法对设计变量与多学科优化目标的相关性进行分析,最终得到满足性能指标要求的大深度载人潜水器总体设计优化结果.     

HOV车道在上海城市交通管理中的应用探讨

介绍HOV(高承载率车辆)车道的概念及在洛杉矶的发展过程;针对上海目前公交专用道利用率不高的现象,提出利用公交专用道的富余设置HOV车道的设想;从必要性及可行性两方面运用数据对上海市延安东路隧道和四平路—中山东路的道路状况分析说明。     

一种虚拟现实的深潜器运动仿真系统

本文提出了一种基于虚拟现实的深潜器运动仿真设计思想。文中简述了该仿真系统的硬件组成和软件体系结构、实时仿真算法以及仿真数学模型,同时也介绍了仿真系统的其它模块,如三维航迹显示模块和避碰检测模块等。文中最后给出了该系统的一些仿真结果和结论。     

Quantifying the environmental impacts of increasing high occupancy vehicle lanes in the United States

To what extent will increasing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane-kilometer incentivize carpooling and reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases? To answer these questions, we develop a multiple regression model relating HOV lanes and other socioeconomic factors to carpooling propensity in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, then calculate the extent to which increasing HOV lane-kilometers would lead to reductions in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) and major air pollutants across the U.S., by state. Increasing HOV lane extent has the greatest potential to reduce annual CO₂e in the District of Columbia, followed by Hawaii and New York. The smallest potential is found in states with the lowest population density, led by North Dakota. We then explore the extent to which recommendations made at one level of data aggregation (that of individual states) may be valid for another level, such as individual counties. The only state with sufficient data available to disaggregate the model to the county level is California, where we found a lower potential for state-wide CO₂e emission reductions under the county-level model as compared to the state-level model (0.69% as compared to 1.08%, under the same hypothetical scenario), albeit with significant differences in emission reduction potential between counties with higher vs. lower population densities. This analysis demonstrates the potential to generate generalizable insight into the magnitude of vehicle emission reductions that might be achieved through expanding HOV lanes, and highlights the importance of data disaggregation in identifying the optimal locations for potential reductions.     

Impact of high occupancy vehicle lanes on carpooling behavior

High occupancy vehicle lanes have become an integral part of regional transportation planning. Their purpose is to increase ridesharing by offering a travel time advantage to multiple occupant vehicles. This paper examines the extent to which an HOV facility increases ridesharing. Using data from the Route 55 HOV facility in Orange Country, California, changes in the carpooling rate on Route 55 are compared to that of a control group of freeway commuters. The analysis shows that the carpooling rate among peak period commuters, and particularly those who use the entire length of the facility, has increased. However, there has been no significant increase in ridesharing among the entire population of Route 55 commuters. Results suggest that barriers to increased ridesharing are formidable, that travel time savings must be large in order to attract new carpoolers, and that further increases in capooling will likely require development of extensive HOV lane systems.     

HOV车道的设计应用研究

随着我国汽车工业的不断发展，城市的机动车数量不断增加，在带来经济效益的同时，也产生了许多交通问题。通过对HOV设计应用的研究，阐述了在我国目前的发展形势下，将HOV理念引入城市交通管理是实现城市道路可持续发展的需要，也是城市用地集约化配置的需要；同时指出，我国实行HOV优先的可能。论文借鉴多方式出行选择Iogit模型对HOV车道的设置进行了探讨。     

大深度载人潜水器浮力块的加工和安装

介绍了满足大深度载人潜水器要求的浮力块的使用条件和技术要求;根据各类浮力块的组成和工艺性能,提出了浮力块的粘接、机加工和表面处理、以及安装工艺。由于潜水器的载体框架是由钛合金焊接而成,而浮力块是由浮力材料毛坯粘接并经过数控机床加工而成,这样在载体框架和浮力块中由于加工方法的不同,造成了加工精度的不相称,从而导致浮力块安装时二者之间不匹配的矛盾。通过对载体框架和浮力块装配尺寸链的分析和计算,采用极值互换法,成功地解决了浮力块在载体框架上的安装难题,满足了潜水器的安装技术要求。所获得的经验和工艺参数将为深海水下机器人浮力块加工和安装提供依据,为编制我国大深度载人潜水器入级和建造规范提供参考。     

基于投影寻踪原理的HOV车道综合评价方法研究

HOV车道预期效果的综合评价作为实践运用的重要依据，愈来愈受到关注。为了客观、科学地作出定量评价，在建立HOV车道综合评价体系的基础上，基于投影寻踪原理，提出HOV车道的综合评价方法；并选择具体路段，针对HOV车道的使用效果进行预测分析，为其在我国的实践应用提供参考。