PCB生产中碱性蚀刻液补加工艺

从碱性蚀刻的化学反应机理出发,分析影响蚀刻精度的诸多因素,总结常规的蚀刻液补加工艺,提出了新的蚀刻液补加思路,并在实际生产中取得一定的效果.     

阿尔斯通开发的PRIMA 3U15型电力机车

阿尔斯通公司运输部开发了PRIMATM机车系列,其类型满足了运营部门提出的模块化和系列化要求.投放欧洲市场的PRIMA型电力机车既满足了通用性要求,又有助于与公路的经济竞争取得成效.为此,阿尔斯通公司继法国双流制机车后又开发了一种三流制机车,该型机车可用于法国、德国和瑞士之间的跨境运输.文章介绍PRIMATM系列的开发过程以及得到法国国家铁路的订单.详细叙述了PRIMA 3U15型三流制机车,重点是PRIMA电力机车的维修、可靠性和可用性.     

Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Free Radicals Metabolism of Broilers

Since Haman (1982) firstly postulated freeradical theory, the metabolisms and functions offree radicals in animal organisms has arouse greatconcerns in the biology research field. In the pro-cedure of normal organism material metabolism,there exists dynamic balance among the producing,utilizing and clearing of free radical. VE is an im-portant antioxidant in the organism and breaksperoxidation of lipids associated with vitamin C(VC)[1,2]. Selenium (Se), as part of the active siteof GSH-Px[…     

基于Pro/E的绞刀三维造型

根据挖泥船绞刀结构特点,利用Pro／E中加厚、变截面扫描等丰富的造型功能实现了绞刀三维造型,为后续的刚度、强度分析、流场计算、NC加工等做了很好的铺垫。     

E2地震作用下减隔振桥梁的抗震设计

以某减隔振桥梁为例,建立该桥的三维有限元模型,考虑桩-土相互作用的影响,并根据混凝土和钢筋的材料特性,选取适宜的动力弹塑性本构模型,同时模拟了弹塑性减隔振球型钢支座,并采用人工拟合的3条地震动时程曲线对该桥进行了E2地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,验算该桥在E2地震作用下的强度及变形。经过详细的验算与分析,验证了本桥设计的安全性和可靠性,并为实际工程中的非规则桥梁在E2地震作用下的抗震验算提供参考依据。     

基于LEC评价法的500 m长钢轨焊接系统风险评价研究

高速铁路无缝线路上普遍敷设500 m长钢轨。500 m长钢轨焊接系统具有复杂的工艺流线,在吊运、焊接、输送等各环节均存在诸多安全隐患,易产生重大生产事故。因此,为提高500 m长钢轨焊接系统的可靠性与安全性,针对钢轨焊接系统存在的安全风险,提出一种基于LEC评价法的风险评价方案,并利用本质安全理论和全寿命周期安全管理理论针对性地提出风险应对措施,为500 m长钢轨焊接系统的设计、施工、设备安装、运营维护等提供参考。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

500米长轨营业线火车市场运费与概预算编制办法计算运费对比分析

随着《铁路基本建设项目投资管理办法》(铁总计统〔2017〕179号)及《关于铁路建设项目清理概算工作的通知》(发改投资电〔2019〕1号)文的出台,标志着铁路建设项目概算清理工作,将逐步交由建设单位按照不突破初步设计批复金额进行处理,因此初步设计阶段如何确保招标预算金额的准确性,体现的越来越为重要,本文通过对500米长轨营业线火车市场运费与编制办法计算运费的分析,量化两者费用存在的差异,列明差异原因,并提出相关建议。     

Apoptin原核表达载体的构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的构建Apoptin的原核表达载体,并制备抗原物质Apoptin融合蛋白。方法在获得Apoptin融合基因的基础上,成功构建了Apoptin的高效原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin,将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)受体菌中,以IPTG对其进行诱导表达,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析目的蛋白。结果转化有Apoptin的原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin的大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约17 000的位置出现目的蛋白条带,大小与Apoptin融合蛋白一致。结论Apoptin原核表达载体pET-28a( )-Apoptin能够表达出Apoptin融合蛋白,为进一步的Apoptin研究和制备Apoptin抗体奠定了基础。     

基于Pro/E的机械标准零件库建立的方法

介绍了在Pro／Engineer环境下利用其二次开发工具程序(Program)和族表(Family Table)建立机械标准件库的原理和方法,并通过建立六角头螺栓零件库的实例,阐明了建立标准件库的具体步骤。