混合动力汽车发展的必要性及关键技术分析

混合动力汽车综合了内燃机驱动式汽车及电动机驱动式汽车的二者优势,具有环保、节油的特点,得到了各国的广泛重视。文章主要阐述了混合动力汽车的发展现状,分析了混合动力汽车发展的必要性,并结合混合动力汽车应用的特点,分析了影响混合动力汽车性能的关键性技术。     

基于分离迭代和耦合时变的列车—轨道—桥梁耦合系统高效动力分析混合算法

为提高列车—轨道—桥梁耦合系统动力分析的计算效率,基于耦合时变法及分离迭代法,提出了1种混合算法。该算法将列车—轨道—桥梁耦合系统分解为车辆—轨道子系统和桥梁子系统。其中,车辆—轨道子系统在每一时间步需根据车辆位置对系统刚度系数矩阵进行更新,具有时变的特性;桥梁子系统的系统动力系数矩阵在整个动力分析过程中保持不变;车辆—轨道子系统与桥梁子系统通过钢轨与桥梁间作用力的平衡迭代实现耦合。利用朔黄重载铁路32m简支梁桥现场试验数据与由混合算法计算得到的分析结果进行对比,验证了混合算法的可行性。采用耦合时变法和混合算法分别计算列车通过蒙华重载铁路黄河龙门大桥的动力响应,结果表明:采用相同的时间积分步长时,2种方法拥有相同的计算精度,但混合算法比耦合时变法具有更高的计算效率,求解耗时降低了75%。     

并联式混合动力汽车用镍氢电池冷却装置的研制

混合动力汽车用镍氢电池组对通风冷却的要求非常严格。根据混合动力汽车对动力电池的要求、镍氢电池的特点及所需通风散热的要求，经试验分析了充放电时池箱中电池模块的测试分布情况，确定了电池箱的详细结构形式，同时考虑了绝缘和密封的措施。根据汽车的情况，介绍了电池箱的安放搭载状况。     

基于CAN的混合动力汽车控制系统体系结构研究

在分析某型混合动力汽车的结构与工作原理的基础上，基于CAN总线技术，研究了控制系统的网络拓扑结构、节点功能及信息传递方式，以及硬件设计中的节点通信接口结构和控制系统的软件结构。其研究方法和结论为混合动力汽车以及其它类型车辆控制系统的研究和开发提供了理论依据和技术基础。     

混合动力--未来城市公交的明星动力

本文阐述了目前国内外混合动力总成常用的几种方案,介绍了一种适合康明斯发动机的混合动力方案,展望了该动力总成的开发前景。     

EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

分析了电机再生制动对车辆制动性能的影响以及典型城市公交客车运行工况特点，提出了适于EQ6110HEV的再生制动控制策略——低制动强度时优先采用再生制动，高强度时按比例复合再生制动与摩擦制动。仿真计算表明：在各种循环工况下，EQ6110HEV采用这种再生制动控制策略均有较好的节能效果，可降低能耗10％～25％。     

基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发

介绍了混合动力汽车仿真软件ADVISOR中的并联控制策略，结合课题的实际情况，对ADVISOR2002的并联控制策略进行了二次开发，并针对某一车型进行了仿真对比，结果表明所提出的控制策略不仅能够鲁棒地在ADVISOR2002界面中运行，而且合理、可靠，满足实际需要。     

Continuum theory for pedestrian traffic flow: Local route choice modelling and its implications

This contribution puts forward a novel multi-class continuum model that captures some of the key dynamic features of pedestrian flows. It considers route choice behaviour on both the strategic (pre-trip) and tactical (en-route) level. To achieve this, we put forward a class-specific equilibrium direction relation of the pedestrians, which is governed by two parts: one part describing the global route choice, which is pre-determined based on the expectations of the pedestrians, and one part describing the local route choice, which is a density-gradient dependent term that reflects local adaptations based on prevailing flow conditions.Including the local route choice term in the multi-class model causes first of all dispersion of the flow: pedestrians will move away from high density areas in order to reduce their overall walking costs. Second of all, for the crossing flow and bi-directional flow cases, local route choice causes well known self-organised patterns to emerge (i.e. diagonal stripes and bi-directional lanes). We study under which demand conditions self-organisation occurs and fails, as well as what the impact is of the choices of the different model parameters. In particular, the differences in the weights reflecting the impact of the own and the other classes appear to have a very strong impact on the self-organisation process.     

The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

Free-floating bike sharing: Solving real-life large-scale static rebalancing problems

Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model. FFBS saves on start-up cost, in comparison to station-based bike sharing (SBBS), by avoiding construction of expensive docking stations and kiosk machines. FFBS prevents bike theft and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. However, like SBBS, the success of FFBS depends on the efficiency of its rebalancing operations to serve the maximal demand as possible.Bicycle rebalancing refers to the reestablishment of the number of bikes at sites to desired quantities by using a fleet of vehicles transporting the bicycles. Static rebalancing for SBBS is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. FFBS takes it a step further, with an increase in the scale of the problem. This article is the first effort in a series of studies of FFBS planning and management, tackling static rebalancing with single and multiple vehicles. We present a Novel Mixed Integer Linear Program for solving the Static Complete Rebalancing Problem. The proposed formulation, can not only handle single as well as multiple vehicles, but also allows for multiple visits to a node by the same vehicle. We present a hybrid nested large neighborhood search with variable neighborhood descent algorithm, which is both effective and efficient in solving static complete rebalancing problems for large-scale bike sharing programs.Computational experiments were carried out on the 1 Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) instances used previously in the literature and on three new sets of instances, two (one real-life and one general) based on Share-A-Bull Bikes (SABB) FFBS program recently launched at the Tampa campus of University of South Florida and the other based on Divvy SBBS in Chicago. Computational experiments on the 1-PDTSP instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a tabu search algorithm and is highly competitive with exact algorithms previously reported in the literature for solving static rebalancing problems in SBSS. Computational experiments on the SABB and Divvy instances, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to deal with the increase in scale of the static rebalancing problem pertaining to both FFBS and SBBS, while deriving high-quality solutions in a reasonable amount of CPU time.