西方自由主义契约正义观解析——兼论正义观的形成及其合理性

自由主义认为,正义源于契约,通过契约正义本身就得到了证明.这是对契约与正义之间关系的误解.契约必然能导向形式正义,但并非必然能导向实质正义.依据价值基本原理,实质正义是正义实体与正义标准发生联系时的客观属性,与契约没有直接关联.     

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE): Mathematical formulation and solution sets

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE) represent traffic flow distribution patterns where travellers can take any route whose travel cost is within an ‘indifference band’ of the shortest path cost. Those traffic flow patterns satisfying the above condition constitute a set, named the BRUE solution set. It is important to obtain all the BRUE flow patterns, because it can help predict the variation of the link flow pattern in a traffic network under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. However, the methodology of constructing the BRUE set has been lacking in the established literature. This paper fills the gap by constructing the BRUE solution set on traffic networks with fixed demands. After defining ε-BRUE, where ε is the indifference band for the perceived travel cost, we formulate the ε-BRUE problem as a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP), so that a BRUE solution can be obtained by solving a BRUE–NCP formulation. To obtain the BRUE solution set encompassing all BRUE flow patterns, we propose a methodology of generating acceptable path set which may be utilized under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. We show that with the increase of the indifference band, the acceptable path set that contains boundedly rational equilibrium flows will be augmented, and the critical values of indifference band to augment these path sets can be identified by solving a family of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) sequentially. The BRUE solution set can then be obtained by assigning all traffic demands to the acceptable path set. Various numerical examples are given to illustrate our findings.     

The California Coastal Act and Ports: The Unintended Environmental Justice Implications of Preserving California's Coastline

Consistent with the policies set forth in the Coastal Zone Management Act, the California Coastal Act seeks to balance the utilization and conservation of coastal resources, taking into account the social and economic needs of the citizens of California. One way the statute pursues this balance is through its provisions for ports. These provisions have functioned as a type of smart growth planning for ports, encouraging densification of existing port districts and possibly averting maritime commercial and industrial sprawl along the California coast. One unintended consequence of the encouraged consolidation of port activities, when combined with the rapid growth in international trade over the last four decades, has been disproportionally large environmental and health impacts on low-income and minority communities surrounding ports. This article examines how the Port of Long Beach's conformance with the California Coastal Act has resulted in ongoing environmental justice concerns. It discusses approaches employed by the Port of Long Beach to reduce environmental justice concerns resulting from significant and unavoidable environmental impacts and offers suggestions for how to address this issue.     

汕昆高速公路潮州段桥梁桩基孤石处理

孤石区桥梁桩基础施工效率低、成本高。汕头-昆明高速公路潮州段对孤石区桥梁桩基采用逐桩钻探,通过优化设计减少桩数、缩短桩长,施工中综合采用浅层挖除、超前钻孔爆破、抛石纠偏、桩孔内钻孔爆破等方法,取得较好的效果。     

唐山港京唐港区沿岸建港前后潮汐、海流特性分析

通过搜集唐山港京唐港区建港以来多次潮位、海流观测资料,对京唐港区附近海域潮汐特征以及港区不同海域的流场特点进行对比分析。分析表明：港口建设对潮汐特性影响不明显;随着港口建设,港口建筑物及其引起的地形变化改变了港区较近海域流场,对港区较远海域海流的影响逐渐减小。     

某展厅改造施工前后的安全性鉴定

某展厅为框架结构,现浇钢筋混凝土楼盖。展厅计划进行改造施工,需对局部钢筋混凝土结构构件进行切割拆除,以满足新的使用功能。在改造施工前后,需对其结构进行安全性鉴定,评价其现有状况及改造后结构安全状态。本文可为建筑物的改造施工和设计提供参考。     

成渝高速公路重庆段安全事故分析研究

近年来,高速公路的安全问题越来越受到人们的重视.文中采用"前/后分析法",对可能引起高速公路交通安全事故的因素用数理统计的方法进行了分析,总结出了成渝高速公路重庆段安全事故发生的特点和规律,为今后成渝高速公路重庆段安全措施的改进和安全事故的预防提供了一定的理论依据.     

保障人权--我国刑事司法改革的基本价值

任何改革都需要遵循一定的价值，这决定着改革的其他价值设定和改革的目标、步骤和方法。保障人权就是刑事司法改革的基本价值。这决定着改革在保障人权的前提下追求公正、效率、平等的实现。与国际人权公约相适应的同时，要求改革本身的合法化和程序化，并实现我国刑事法制的现代化。     

2万t重载组合列车联合制动时缓解后前涌的原因及对策

针对2万t重载组合列车联合制动时普遍存在的缓解后前涌现象,对联合制动时列车纵向力变化规律和机车司机操纵情况进行了综合分析,找出了缓解前涌的操纵原因,明确了减缓缓解前涌的思路。在此基础上,通过试验分析,提出了减缓2万t重载组合列车缓解前涌的操纵方法。     

提升摩托车减振柱磨削质量的实施方法

减振柱作为摩托车减震器重要零件之一,在表面电镀前的磨削质量控制尤为关键。通过设定合理的工艺、调整磨床、磨料及相关辅料的管理控制,使减振柱镀前磨削加工质量有了稳定提高。减振柱镀前精磨表面粗糙度控制在Ra0.15以内,一次合格率获得提高;部分配套出口高档车型的减振柱在精磨环节配置UB砂轮后,外观质量表面粗糙度Ra≤0.10;将粗磨、精磨两类磨削时的机床用连线机构连接、选择合适的磨削液等,提升了磨削加工效率与质量。