受侧向冲击的混凝土墩柱本构模型对比

采用ANSYS建模和LS-DYNA显式动力分析的方式,分别使用HJC、脆性损伤、盖帽和混凝土损伤等4种混凝土本构模型,对钢筋混凝土墩柱的侧向冲击过程进行仿真。从系统能量的角度验证数值计算的正确性;并将冲击过程中的冲击物块加速度和钢筋应变的历时值与试验值进行对比,进一步证实仿真计算的正确性。从各本构模型的计算结果、模拟所耗费的计算时间以及所需的参数数量等方面进行对比。     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

History of wheel/rail contact mechanics: from Redtenbacher to Kalker

The history of wheel/rail contact mechanics is an integrated part of contact mechanics. Problems of wheel/rail contact (damage phenomena and influence of contact mechanics on vehicle dynamics, especially on vehicle stability) have been investigated since the middle of the 19th Century. In 1855, Redtenbacher was the first to consider head checking. Stability investigations started with Boedecker (1887) and were continued by Carter (1916); however, they were not recognized at that time. Stability analysis was only considered to be an integrated step in vehicle design in about 1955 when stability problems started to occur in practice. The scientific foundations of our present investigations are based on Heinrich Hertz, Frederick William Carter and Hans Fromm. The key contributors to research in the last fifty years in the field of wheel/rail contact mechanics are Joost Kalker and Ken Johnson.     

基于动态J-C本构的轨道交通车辆新型切削式吸能装置耐撞性研究

针对国内对轨道交通车辆切削式吸能装置的研究大多单从数值仿真出发、缺乏与试验数据的对比、其仿真结果准确性有待探讨的现状,德国德累斯顿TUV SUD铁路股份有限公司铁道车辆测试中心率先对某新型AX-CE型切削式防爬吸能装置进行动态试验,得到其碰撞界面力、压缩行程随时间变化曲线,检验吸能装置的动态性能;采用显示有限元软件LS-DYNA详细建立AX-CE型切削式吸能装置的等效三维模型;采用Johnson-Cook动态热粘塑性材料本构模型、剪切损伤分离准则以及界面粘结-滑移混合摩擦模型,对高速切削吸能及切屑生成过程进行研究,并与试验进行对比分析,验证了数值仿真的正确性;分析了刀具前角、切屑圆心角、切削深度和切削速度等参数对切削式吸能过程的影响程度。研究表明,切削式吸能装置较现有吸能装置吸能特性更优,控制界面力峰值更强;切削深度和切屑圆心角对界面力和吸能的影响显著,刀具前角及切削速度对其影响则较小。