硅胶吸附管采集甲醇汽车尾气排放中甲醇的方法研究

文章主要研究了利用硅胶吸附管采集甲醇汽车尾气排放中甲醇的方法,对硅胶吸附管的规格、待测样品的浓度、采样参数等进行了详细的讨论及验证。研究表明,利用硅胶吸附管采集甲醇的过程中,很容易发生甲醇的穿透。随着硅胶颗粒装填数目的增加,甲醇的穿透率降低,实际吸附甲醇的效率增加。在采样流量相同时,待测样品浓度越高,甲醇的穿透率越高。在待测样品浓度相同时,采集流量越高,甲醇的穿透率越高。将硅胶吸附管串联,可以有效减少甲醇的穿透,提高吸附效率。     

活塞环表面多元多层纳米膜的组织分析

采用离子镀表面处理技术,在活塞环表面获得了多元多层纳米膜。利用视频显微分析仪、扫描电子显微镜对涂层显微组织进行分析,用X射线衍射方法测定了涂层中的物相,用显微硬度计测定了涂层的显微硬度。分析结果表明,活塞环表面获得了致密且与基体结合良好的多元多层纳米膜,其厚度为2-5μm,单层膜的厚度为100～230nm。多元多层纳米膜由TiN、Ti2N、CrN等物相组成,显微硬度为1400～2027HV。     

新型纳米吸波材料研究现状与进展

介绍了纳米微波吸收材料的吸波机理及其优异的吸波性能。综述了纳米材料(纳米铁氧体及其复合物、纳米金属、纳米陶瓷、纳米导电聚合物)作为吸波介质的特点和应用背景,提出了高性能纳米微波吸收剂的发展方向。     

由含氟废气制备白炭黑的工艺研究

磷化工生产中排放的大量含氟废气（其主要成分为四氟化硅和氟化氢等）不仅污染环境,而且是氟资源的一种浪费。本文从实验出发,研究了由含氟废气吸收液制备纳米白炭黑的工艺,从浓度、反应温度等几个方面论述了对白炭黑质量产生影响的因素。实验研究表明,含氟废气经吸收后,氟、硅含量大大降低,达到国家标准,且制备的白炭黑产品可适用于多种工业需求。     

金属复合橡胶板（MCR）的研发与运用

金属复合橡胶板Metal Compounded Rubber sheet（MCR）是指以不锈钢为基材,表面经化学处理后与橡胶复合而成的环保密封材料,主要由金属基材和橡胶涂层组成。橡胶涂层目前主要以丁腈橡胶（NBR）和氟橡胶（FKM）为主,橡胶涂层的品质和厚度主要取决于复合材料的应用目的和使用场合。     

纳米TiO_2光催化空气净化技术研究进展

本文对纳米TiO2光催化净化空气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的技术原理、国内外研究现状和进展进行概述,简介部分使用光催化空气净化技术的商业产品,展望该技术的应用前景。     

Siliceous plankton dominate primary and new productivity during the onset of El Niño conditions in the Santa Barbara Basin, California

The potential for carbon export and the role of siliceous plankton in the cycling of C and N was assessed in natural plankton assemblages in the Santa Barbara Basin, California, by examining uptake rates of inorganic carbon, nitrate and silicic acid. In April–August 1997, the concentrations of chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen and biogenic silica were measured twice monthly, and results revealed the occurrence of at least three blooms, the largest in June. Particulate elemental ratios of C, N and Si were similar to ratios of nutrient-replete diatoms, suggesting that they dominated this bloom. Mean integrated rates of carbon, nitrate and silicon uptake during the 4-month study period are similar to other productive coastal and upwelling regions (103, 8.3 and 13 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively). New production rates were twice as high as previously reported in this region and indicate that high rates of new production along eastern boundary currents are not confined to the major coastal upwelling regions. C/NO₃⁻, Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios varied widely, and mean integrated ratios were 14±5.4, 1.6±1.0 and 0.12±0.07 (S.D.), respectively. That mean C/NO₃⁻ uptake ratio corresponds to an f-ratio of about 0.5 indicating a large potential for particulate export. Based on the average Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios, diatoms could perform all of the primary production and nitrate uptake that occurred during the study; these rates also suggest that export is controlled by diatoms in this system. The mean Si/C biomass ratio was lower than the mean Si/C uptake ratio, consistent with the preferential export of Si relative to C observed in sediment traps in the basin. The study took place during a period of surface-water warming, with nitrate and silicic acid concentrations decreasing throughout the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño conditions. Although diatoms contributed less to particulate biomass during the low nutrient conditions, high f-ratios (0.33–0.66) were maintained.     

仿生卡拉胶-二氧化硅杂化凝胶固定化醇脱氢酶的研究

介绍了应用生物矿化的方法制备出一种新型多糖/无机杂化固定化酶载体,并将醇脱氢酶(YADH)有效地固定其中。试验表明,YADH的泄漏率由1h内的63.9%降至18.2%。卡拉胶-二氧化硅杂化凝胶微球固定化YADH的最适pH和最适温度为pH6.5和25°C,均与游离酶相同,且固定化酶具有比游离酶更宽的适宜反应条件范围。在最适反应条件下进行游离YADH和固定化YADH酶促反应动力学实验,发现固定化酶与游离酶的动力学关系都符合Michaelis-Menten反应机理中的双底物酶促反应动力学模型。除此之外,杂化凝胶微球固定化YADH的操作稳定性和储藏稳定性都明显改善。     

硅灰增强混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能研究

硅灰掺入到混凝土中,由于其微粒充填效应、火山灰活性效应、晶核效应、流变效应等而使混凝土的密实度得以改善,提高混凝土的抗渗性,降低氯离子的渗透系数,提高混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀能力。。     

广西地区路面水泥混凝土耐久性试验研究

文章通过室内实验,研究了双掺超细矿渣和高效减水剂对路面混凝土耐久性和抗裂性的影响,并将其与硅粉混凝土进行了对比。试验结果表明,在选定合适的配合比后,改性混凝土的力学性能和耐磨性较普通混凝土有所提高,抗塑性开裂能力有明显改善。此外改性混凝土虽然强度和耐磨性较硅粉混凝土低,但抗裂性能更为优越。