高铁站功能区布局优化模型研究

为使高铁站功能区的布局更加科学合理,论文以旅客在高铁站房内的平均走行时间最少和高铁站建造成本最低为目标,综合考虑功能区的面积、长宽比例、功能区禁止重叠、流线等约束条件,构建基于多目标混合规划的高铁站功能区布局优化模型,通过算例验证了模型的有效性。该方法得出的结论可以为高铁站功能区布局的规划设计提供参考。     

我国机场货运规模体系评价及优化建议

新形势下,优化中国机场货运规模体系对中国民航高质量发展和民航强国建设具有重要现实意义。从总量规模、货运功能、整体优化水平的多视域角度可以对中国机场货运规模体系进行综合评价。分析表明:(1)目前,我国航空货运形成了"4+3+N"机场发展格局;(2)我国机场货运功能整体呈现"低水平、扁平化"发展态势;(3)我国机场货邮规模体系优化程度有待提高,与美国也存在一定发展差距。本文的政策涵义在于,中国机场货运规模体系优化要有系统性思维,结合当前发展新形势和新机遇,重点应在供需两侧、系统布局、改革协同三个维度进行顶层设计。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

多功能智能型航次计划优化系统设计与实现

介绍了一个多功能智能型航次计划优化系统的设计与实现，得到了一个能在微机网络上运行的有效原型。在设计中引入了人工智能技术，并特别注意了友好的人机界面。     

复合材料圆柱壳的稳定性及其优化设计

本文分别利用一阶剪切理论和Reddy高阶剪切理论计算了考虑横向剪切变形影响的复合材料层会圆柱壳的线性失稳载荷和几何非线性失稳载荷。分析了壳体的几何参数、铺层数、铺层角、半径厚度比值对失稳临界行值的影响。铺层的优化设计中利用随机试验法与可变容差法相结合，计算了寻求临界行值最大的铺层角最优问题，并利用约束非线性混合离散变量优化程序对铺层角为离散值的情况进行了优化。碳纤维环氧树脂圆柱壳模型试验表明本文计算结果是可靠的。     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

铁路电力、牵引供电相关标准及文件优化建议

为进一步优化铁路电力、牵引供电工程设计,梳理现行铁路电力、电力牵引供电工程主要采用的设计标准及文件,主要包括《铁路电力设计规范》(TB10008—2015)、《铁路电力牵引供电设计规范》(TB10009—2016)、《高速铁路设计规范》(TB10621—2014)、《铁路技术管理规程》(TG/01—2014)等,结合工程实践及调研情况,本着保证工程质量安全、提高技术性和经济性的原则,对其中有关条文给出优化合理建议。     

基于磨耗数据统计模型的镟轮决策优化

针对目前地铁车辆车轮等级镟修而导致的镟修不合理问题,提出一种基于磨耗数据统计模型镟轮决策优化方法。基于广州地铁8号线的轮对磨耗数据,首先利用SPSS分析轮径磨耗和轮缘磨耗与轮缘厚相关性;其次建立基于状态转移过程的轮缘磨耗模型和基于数理统计模型的轮径磨耗模型;然后研究单个车轮的单级和多级镟修控制限策略,并通过蒙特卡罗仿真分析比较两种控制限策略的优劣。结果表明,多级镟修控制限策略大大提高车轮使用寿命,节约列车运营成本。     

技术站广义配流问题模型与算法

根据列车解编顺序是否确定,将阶段计划中的广义配流问题分为广义静态配流问题和广义动态配流问题。以阶段内发出配流车数最多和车辆在站平均停留时间最短为目标函数,以列车解体开始时刻、车流分配、车流接续和列车编组开始时刻为约束条件,建立广义动态配流问题的多目标非线性混合整数规划模型。综合考虑优先排空、优先发送较近编组去向车流,模拟车站调度员编制阶段计划时的思维过程,设计搜索算法,解决广义静态配流问题(给定列车解编顺序的广义动态配流问题)。以有7个编组去向的某技术站为例,运用该算法可以在较短时间内得到列车解编方案和配流方案,表明了该算法的实用性和可行性。     

CATIA-V5的知识工程优化功能在汽车产品开发上的应用

知识工程优化是通过捕捉、优化设计意图，使用户可以按目标进行优化设计的一种优化方法。介绍了与知识工程优化有关的概念和采用CATIA—V5软件知识工程优化功能进行产品优化设计的流程，并以油底壳体积优化设计和刮雨器的结构功能优化设计为例，提出了CATIA—V5知识工程优化的方法。