气垫船的回顾与展望

回顾了中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院（MARIC）40年来在气垫船、研究方面所取得的主要成就,分析了该类高性能船舶的市场需求,并提出了未来研究和发展的初步构想。     

我国航海心理学研究的现状与展望

综述了我国航海心理学发展的历史和现状,从航海心理学学科理论体系构建、生物节律、海员心理过程、海员心理疲劳、海员个性与测验编制、海员心理卫生状态等六个方面阐述了我国在航海心理学方面的研究成果,对目前航海心理学研究中存在的一些问题,提出了看法,并展望了航海心理学发展的方向。     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.     

燃料电池电动汽车的技术难关和发展前景

本文在阐述了质子交换膜燃料电池上作原理的基础上,首先介绍了其质子交换膜与催化剂的研究现状。然后针对汽车领域的需要,给出了燃料电池发动机的概念,并对其燃料和氧化剂供给、水/热管理和控制等各子系统所要解决的技术难关进行了系统分析。同时对燃料电池车商业化所必然要涉及的氢燃料供给和价格等问题进行了较客观的论述。最后对燃料电池车的发展前景进行了预测,提出了相应的发展措施。     

盐城地区船型标准化的推广和前景分析

文章从研究挂桨船等非标准化船舶现状和存在问题出发,提出推广船型标准化的法律、技术、行政、经济措施,分析了船型标准化的前景,对船型标准化在促进船舶技术进步和航运结构调整、提高营运效益、促进航运业可持续发展方面的作用进行了探讨。     

Weather and road geometry impact on longitudinal driving behavior: Exploratory analysis using an empirically supported acceleration modeling framework

The objective of this paper is to quantify and characterize driver behavior under different roadway geometries and weather conditions. In order to explore how a driver perceives the rapidly changing driving surrounding (i.e. different weather conditions and road geometry configurations) and executes acceleration maneuvers accordingly, this paper extends a Prospect Theory based acceleration modeling framework. A driving simulator is utilized to conduct 76 driving experiments. Foggy weather, icy and wet roadway surfaces, horizontal and vertical curves, and different lane and shoulder widths are simulated while having participants driving behind a yellow cab at speeds/headways of their choice. After studying the driving trends observed in the different driving experiments, the extended Prospect Theory based acceleration model is calibrated using the produced trajectory data. The extended Prospect Theory based model parameters are able to reflect a change in risk-perception and acceleration maneuvering when receiving different parameterized exogenous information. The results indicate that drivers invest more attention and effort to deal with the roadway challenges compared to the effort to deal with the weather conditions. Moreover, the calibrated model is used to simulate a highway segment and observe the produced fundamental diagram. The preliminary results suggest that the model is capable of capturing driver behavior under different roadway and weather conditions leading to changes in capacity and traffic disruptions.     

减速顶在大坡度线路上应用展望

分析调车系统中减速顶的特性,根据"减速顶做功是通过内部速度阀板的开闭来实现,调整速度阀板开量及更换速度阀板的支撑弹簧,可以调整减速顶的临界速度"的原理,提出在装车点前后或在轨道衡前后的大坡度线路上,安装减速顶辅助列车制动,以减少土建工程的设想。通过举例分析,得出减速顶能够在站内坡度较大、需要辅助制动的线路上使用的结论。     

From behavioral psychology to acceleration modeling: Calibration,validation, and exploration of drivers’ cognitive and safety parameters in a risk-taking environment

We investigate a utility-based approach for driver car-following behavioral modeling while analyzing different aspects of the model characteristics especially in terms of capturing different fundamental diagram regions and safety proxy indices. The adopted model came from an elementary thought where drivers associate subjective utilities for accelerations (i.e. gain in travel times) and subjective dis-utilities for decelerations (i.e. loss in travel time) with a perceived probability of being involved in rear-end collision crashes. Following the testing of the model general structure, the authors translate the corresponding behavioral psychology theory – prospect theory – into an efficient microscopic traffic modeling with more elaborate stochastic characteristics considered in a risk-taking environment.After model formulation, we explore different model disaggregate and aggregate characteristics making sure that fidelity is kept in terms of equilibrium properties. Significant effort is then dedicated to calibrating and validating the model using microscopic trajectory data. A modified genetic algorithm is adopted for this purpose while focusing on capturing inter-driver heterogeneity for each of the parameters. Using the calibration exercise as a starting point, simulation sensitivity analysis is performed to reproduce different fundamental diagram regions and to explore rear-end collisions related properties. In terms of fundamental diagram regions, the model in hand is able to capture traffic breakdowns and different instabilities in the congested region represented by flow-density data points scattering. In terms of incident related measures, the effect of heterogeneity in both psychological factors and execution/perception errors on the accidents number and their distribution is studied. Through sensitivity analysis, correlations between the crash-penalty, the negative coefficient associated with losses in speed, the positive coefficient associated with gains in speed, the driver’s uncertainty, the anticipation time and the reaction time are retrieved. The formulated model offers a better understanding of driving behavior, particularly under extreme/incident conditions.     

沥青冷再生在310国道大修工程中的应用

明确了沥青就地冷再生的概念及乳化沥青就地冷再生技术的意义。结合该项技术在310国道大修工程中的施工实践,阐述了冷再生混合料力学性能的优越性及应用前景。     

汽车安全性能流动检测站的现状和今后研究方向

论述了当前国内外汽车安全性能流动检测站的现状及各类类型检测站的特点，介绍了简易式和载体式流动检测站的优缺点，并通过对比此后认为，载体式替代简易式。提出了使我国汽车安全性能流动检测站的规范化和科学化的建议。