航空货运产业关联性及临空产业体系构建研究

本文将从航空经济链条体系结构入手,运用投入产出法对航空货运业与各产业部门的关联性进行定量分析,构建以运输成本为主要影响因素的区位选择指标分析货运枢纽机场的产业带动机制。最后本文对目前我国航空货运业对国民经济的整体贡献进行评价,并提出通过航空货运业带动区域经济发展的政策建议。     

我国机场货运规模体系评价及优化建议

新形势下,优化中国机场货运规模体系对中国民航高质量发展和民航强国建设具有重要现实意义。从总量规模、货运功能、整体优化水平的多视域角度可以对中国机场货运规模体系进行综合评价。分析表明:(1)目前,我国航空货运形成了"4+3+N"机场发展格局;(2)我国机场货运功能整体呈现"低水平、扁平化"发展态势;(3)我国机场货邮规模体系优化程度有待提高,与美国也存在一定发展差距。本文的政策涵义在于,中国机场货运规模体系优化要有系统性思维,结合当前发展新形势和新机遇,重点应在供需两侧、系统布局、改革协同三个维度进行顶层设计。     

创新——企业发展的推动力

介绍了上海外高桥造船有限公司面对严峻的国际造船形势，以创新思路，为其现代化的大型船舶总装厂构筑起独特的企业文化和先进的企业生产管理系统，使企业昂首阔步地参与国际造船业的激烈竞争。     

港口腹地划分的两种新方法探讨--以大连国际航运中心为例

引入经济地理学的新理论成果———圈层结构法和点轴法,提出了圈层结构划分法和点轴结构划分法两种新的港口腹地划分方法,并应用这两种新方法对大连国际航运中心港口腹地范围的界定与划分进行实例分析。与以往的行政区划法、经济区域法等港口腹地划分方法相比,这两种方法更加注重对港口原有腹地的细分,更接近于港口腹地的实际状况,进而有利于港口企业的经营发展。     

关于国际工程承包项目审计的探讨

近年来,我国铁路发展所取得的辉煌成就在国际上产生了重大影响,不少国家提出希望中国铁路参与其国内工程建设,使我国设计施工企业参加国际工程承包项目建设的机会越来越多。但在国际工程建设中,如何像国内建设项目一样进行审计和通过审计发现工程管理中存在的薄弱环节和问题,提出加强管理的建议,规范项目管理,降低项目成本,提高经济效益进行探讨。通过探讨提出审计可遵循的原则、审计依据、审计内容、审计方式和方法等,望能为提高审计工作水平提供借鉴。     

弓网电弧对机场终端全向信标台电磁骚扰的影响

选取高速电气化铁路电分相、锚段关节和普通点3个典型位置,采用点频测试和峰值、准峰值、平均值检波方式,在机场终端全向信标台(TVOR)的工作频段内开展弓网离线电弧电磁辐射测试;以某电气化铁路线路垂直下穿机场跑道为例,研究弓网离线电弧对TVOR的电磁骚扰影响。结果表明:电分相处的弓网离线电弧电磁骚扰最大,在频率为110 MHz时峰值检波的10m法值达89.4dBμV·m-1;普通点和锚段关节处的弓网离线电弧电磁辐射不会对TVOR产生影响,即便拉弧点位于铁路线路与机场跑道交叉点处,仍能满足防护率的要求,而电分相处拉弧点距铁路线路与飞机跑道交叉点的距离大于236m时,才能满足防护率要求。研究结果能够为机场区域轨道交通和机场航空的电磁兼容性设计提供依据。     

直线电机系统整体道床轨道施工技术

以广州地铁4号线和首都机场线引进的、国际领先水平的新型轨道结构（直线电机牵引系统）为研究对象,结合轨道工程施工实际,分析日本直线电机牵引和加拿大庞巴迪直线电机牵引城轨整体道床（尤其是道岔）铺设施工的技术特点,着重阐述首都机场线施工中的关键技术及解决方法。     

Air traffic assignment to reduce population noise exposure using activity-based approach

Aircraft noise has been regarded as one of the major environmental issues related to air transport. Many airports have introduced a variety of measures to reduce its impact. Several air traffic assignment strategies have been proposed in order to allocate noise more wisely. Even though each decision regarding the assignment of aircraft to routes should consider population exposure to noise, none of the air traffic assignment strategies has addressed daily migrations of population and number of people exposed to noise. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm that could assign aircraft to departure and arrival routes so that number of people exposed to noise is as low as possible, taking into account temporal and spatial variations in population in an airport’s vicinity. The approach was demonstrated on Belgrade airport to show the benefits of the proposed model. Numerical example showed that population exposure to noise could be reduced significantly by applying the proposed air traffic assignment model. As a consequence of the proposed air traffic assignment, overall fuel consumption increased by less than 1%.     

Airport capacity increase via the use of braking profiles

Many airports are encountering the problem of insufficient capacity, which is particularly severe in periods of increased traffic. A large number of elements influence airport capacity, but one of the most important is runway occupancy time. This time depends on many factors, including how the landing roll procedure is performed. The procedure usually does not include the objective to minimize the runway occupancy time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the way of braking during landing roll has an essential impact on runway throughput and thus on airport capacity. For this purpose, the landing roll simulator (named ACPENSIM) was created. It uses Petri nets and is a convenient tool for dynamic analysis of aircraft movement on the runway with given input parameters and a predetermined runway exit. Simulation experiments allowed to create a set of nominal braking profiles that have different objective functions: minimizing the runway occupancy time, minimizing noise, minimizing tire wear, maximizing passenger comfort and maximizing airport capacity as a whole. The experiments show that there is great potential to increase airport capacity by optimizing the braking procedure. It has been shown that by using the proposed braking profiles it is possible to reduce the runway occupancy time even by 50%.     

新型深水块石抛填和夯平一体化施工船研发应用

本文依托长江南槽一期深水航道整治工程,在深入研究现有块石水下抛填方法的基础上,研发了新型的开敞式深水快速高精度抛填和整平一体化新设备,对其可行性进行了多次测试试验,确定了装备的选型。并采用数值模拟、物模试验等结合的方法进行了结构的验算,确保设备的使用可靠性。该设备可以适应35m水深、2m/s流速,配有实时定位系统,可以实时采集抛填区域的施工效果,实现了抛填和夯平施工和质量检测一体化,通过施工数据分析,该设备达到了93%的抛填合格率,在精度提高至±20cm时合格率可达85%,整平精度可以达到5cm,创新了抛填施工的新装备,经鉴定,该装备达到了国际先进水平,可为类似设备建造选型提供借鉴。