成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

《公路工程》所载基金论文定量分析及建议

统计《公路工程》2003～2012年4月发表论文数量、基金论文比、基金资助数量、地区分布、作者职称、合著度,以及级别构成,产权分布等,分析该刊基金论文文献属性、作者属性以及项目属性,探讨基金论文产出的特点和规律,对该刊的发展提出了建议。     

高速铁路无砟轨道整治效果评估方法探讨

轨道系统的服役状态直接影响高速列车的安全、平稳运行。随着无砟轨道结构的大量投入使用,无砟轨道病害成为影响线路平顺性和稳定性的主要因素之一。目前病害的整治措施有很多,但如何对整治效果进行有效的评估是日常维护工作的难点之一。结合目前我国高速铁路无砟轨道结构存在的几种主要病害和整治方法,对轨道动态检测、光纤传感监测和地质雷达无损检测3种整治评估方法进行介绍和对比,为整治评估方法在高速铁路无砟轨道上的推广应用提供参考。     

Quantitative Assessment of Implicit Environmental Impacts of Construction Projects

Assessment system of implicit environmental impacts was established including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantification of environmental impact indicators is based on the life cycle assessment system of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the evaluation software BEES. Normalization reference values and weights of 12 categories of environmental impacts were identified, and the environmental impact indicators in the phases of raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use and end of life were analyzed. By analyzing the environmental performance of a university refectory as a case study, it is demonstrated that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The total implicit environmental impact load per square meter of this project is 18.448×10~(-2) standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3% of total environmental impacts occur in the phase of raw material extraction.     

缓倾岩层隧道施工风险评估研究

基于熵法、模糊综合评价法,并结合离散元数值模拟方法,对缓倾岩层隧道的施工风险评价与对策进行研究。通过回顾相关文献,建立针对缓倾岩层隧道的施工风险评价指标体系,将熵法和模糊综合评价法运用到风险评价中,结合离散元数值模拟软件3DEC判断围岩及支护系统的稳定性,为风险评估提供依据。根据风险评估结果提出相应的风险规避对策。实践表明,针对缓倾岩层隧道建立的指标体系和评估方法,结合定量数值模型分析,有效提高评估施工风险的可靠程度与支护设计的针对性及有效性,以期减少安全事故。     

接触网参数对接触网风致响应的影响及风洞试验验证

大风作用会使接触网发生更大更复杂的振动与风偏,为给大风区接触网的防风设计提供科学依据,采用有限元计算与风洞试验相结合的方法进行研究。利用ANSYS软件建立包括支撑结构和悬挂部分的有限元耦合模型;采用谐波合成法(WAWS)模拟针对接触网结构特点的脉动风场;通过计算不同接触网参数组合方案在风荷载下的风致响应位移,定量分析得出悬挂类型、张力组合、跨距对接触网风致响应的影响。接触网气动弹性风洞试验结果表明,接触网参数对风致响应的影响的研究结果正确。研究成果应用于兰新铁路第二双线大风区接触网系统方案设计和技术参数选择,并作为主要理论支撑之一,形成了首个国内外铁路电化行业的风区接触网装备技术条件。     

赛车轮毂多功能集成化设计新方法

由于传统制造工艺在复杂曲面和集成化加工的局限性,导致方程式赛车轮毂的多功能集成化一直被制约,以至于传统赛车轮毂总成普遍存在体积硕大、重量大、传动效率低等问题。文章基于集成化设计原则,在保留传统赛车轮毂总成所需功能的前提下,改变赛车外球笼、轮毂、轮辐等的结构以进行集成化设计从而得到多功能集成化赛车轮毂。所获得的集成化赛车轮毂体积重量明显减小且传动效率明显提高,达到了通过集成化以实现轻量化的目标。     

Quantitative assessment of hydrocarbon explosion and fire risks in offshore installations

A risk-based design framework should involve both risk assessment and risk management. This article introduces and describes a number of procedures for the quantitative assessment and management of fire and gas explosion risks in offshore installations. These procedures were developed in a joint industry project on the explosion and fire engineering of floating, production, storage and off-loading units (the EFEF JIP), which was led by the authors. The present article reports partial results, focussing on defining the frequency of fires and explosions in offshore installations. Examples of the aforementioned procedures’ application to a hypothetical floating, production, storage, and off-loading unit (FPSO) are presented. A framework for the quantitative risk assessment of fires and explosions requires the definition of both the frequency and consequences of such events. These procedures can be efficiently applied in offshore development projects, and the application includes the assessment of design explosion and fire loads as well as the quantification of effects of risk control options (RCO) such as platform layout, location and number of gas detectors, isolation of ignition sources etc.     

考虑时间因素的运输方式选择问题

本文先对各类运输方式做了概括论述,在着重考虑时间因索的前提下对运输方式的选 择进行了定量分析,提出了利用最小花费来完成运输任务的运输方式选择模型,并分析了该摸 型的求解过程,有助干运输消费者选择经济、合理的运输方式。