The design of bus route systems — An interactive location-allocation approach

An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided.     

既有铁路扩能改造若干问题探讨

研究目的:根据新的技术政策、新的标准规范等要求,通过对既有线扩能改造中出现的与新的标准规范不相适应的若干问题的分析研究、对既有线通行双层集装箱的合理性及增建二线后改变维修体制的探讨,提出了觖决既有线扩能改造工程若干问题的基本思路。研究结论:对于既有线扩能改造工程的一些问题,应根据项目的特点,在本着避免既有线大拆大改、节省工程投资的原则下,结合铁路新的技术发展方向、新的标准规范要求,采取具体问题具体分析,对于新建线路应不折不扣地执行新的标准规范,对既有线改建则应充分考虑到既有线的现状特点,在满足项目功能需求的情况下,应尽可能地与新的标准、规范相适应,并应考虑未来的发展需要。     

公路交通经济增长中的制度因素分析

在总结传统的经济增长理论(资本决定论、技术进步论、人力资本论、专业化的人力资本和特殊知识积累论)的基础上,采用新制度经济学的分析方法,对建国以来中国公路交通的制度变迁和经济绩效及其相互关系进行了实证分析,指出了制度在公路交通发展中的极端重要性;提出了"生产要素的制度性边界"这一概念,指出制度边界具有随经济、技术等因素变化而不断变化的特性,在此基础上建立了新的经济增长分析框架和模型;为打破制度的"低度均衡",扩展生产要素的制度边界,最后提出了关于加快制度创新的建议。     

大学低年级学生心理状况调查研究

对某高校低年级学生进行了UPI问卷调查,结果显示:超过1/3的大学低年级学生多少存在一些心理问题,需要引起高等教育工作者的高度重视,并及时地给予必要的帮助。产生这些心理问题的原因,既有区域、性别和科别因素,又有环境因素,还有情感和个体体质的因素;大学生中出现一些心理问题是正常现象,关键是要重视,早发现、早引导、早治疗。     

加强高校财务分析的思考

文章阐述了高校财务分析的意义,分析了目前高校财务分析存在的主要问题,并就加强高校财务分析的措施进行了探讨。     

二层线性规划问题

罚函数方法是数学规划中一种常见且有效的求解方法。用罚函数原理,把二层线性规划（BLP）下层问题的对偶间隙作为惩罚项,将BLP转化为带罚函数子项的有限个线性规划问题。由于BLP的全局最优解可在约束域S的极点上找到,利用线性规划对偶理论,给出了一种求解该二层线性规划的罚函数算法。     

计算水平桩的修正双参数法

指出了双参数法微分方程在公式推导与参数取值方面存在的不足,对微分方程中深度的幂数进行了修正并推导出计算公式。修正参数后的推导公式克服了原公式取值只能为正整数1和有限个小数的缺陷,使取值可取任意整数和小数,从而拓宽了参数的取值范围。当桩在弯矩和水平力共同作用时,利用桩的边值问题可求得桩身各截面的弯矩、剪力、位移、转角。实例计算证明,用修正后的幂数作为参数,推导正确,取值灵活且与实测值很接近。     

Regularization Method to the Parameter Identification of Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient and Properties during Casting Solidification

The accurate material physical properties, initial and boundary conditions are indispensable to the numerical simulation in the casting process, and they are related to the simulation accuracy directly. The inverse heat conduction method can be used to identify the mentioned above parameters based on the temperature measurement data. This paper presented a new inverse method according to Tikhonov regularization theory. A regularization functional was established and the regularization parameter was deduced, the Newton-Raphson iteration method was used to solve the equations. One detailed case was solved to identify the thermal conductivity and specific heat of sand mold and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) at the meantime. This indicates that the regularization method is very efficient in decreasing the sensitivity to the temperature measurement data, overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) and improving the stability and accuracy of the results. As a general inverse method, it can be used to identify not only the material physical properties but also the initial and boundary conditions' parameters.     

Investigation of Wall Pressure Fluctuations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer by Large Eddy Simulation

Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to investigate the space-time field of the low Mach number, fully developed turbulent boundary layer on a smooth, rigid flat plate. The wall-pressure field simulated by LES was analyzed to obtain the pressure statistics, including the wall-pressure root-mean square, skewness and flatness factors, which show the wall pressure distribution was not Gaussian. The profile of the auto-power spectral density and the contour of the streamwise wavenumber-frequency spectral density of wall-pressure were plotted. The "convection ridge" can be observed clearly and the convection velocity can be calculated from the location of the convection peak.     

客车涂装需注意的一些新问题

介绍近期客车涂装中需注意的一些新情况、新问题,并提出解决思路和方法。