迈向可持续的公共交通之路——首尔公交改革的经验与成就(续)

2004年7月1日,首尔市政府在全市开展了深刻的针对公交系统的整合性改革,这一举措成为迈向可持续性城市交通的重要一步。这次公交改革成功实施的关键在于它将管理机构、创新技术、基础设施的建设以及公交的组织和运营融为一体。经过一系列改革之后,首尔的交通面貌焕然一新:通过进一步协调交通运输容量和需求之间的矛盾,提高了运营效率,增加了乘客人数,使公交运营商的收入自启动集成收费系统之后得到增加。     

Innovative Public Transport Oriented Policies in Seoul

The objective of this paper is to introduce the innovative transport policies of Seoul that have recently been planned and implemented. In this paper, the various transport policies of Seoul are classified and explained according to two important paradoxes that are highlighted by Downs and Thomson, and Edgeworth. These paradoxes describe how to break the vicious circle of car and public transport use by restraining car use and encouraging the use of public transport, and thus indicate how traffic congestion problems might be solved.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

Transport deregulation and cross‐border trucking in North America

Internationally, recent years have seen a spread of deregulatory policies with respect to transport. Equally, transport movements across national boundaries have expanded as trade has grown. Despite these two quite noticeable trends comparatively little has been written on the problems that are created for cross‐border traffic as the result of differential changes in national regulatory policies. This paper is concerned with looking specifically at what has happened in the context of road freight transport movements across the U.S.‐Canadian border and the wider (especially for the formulation of a Common Transport Policy for the EEC) lessons which can be learned from it.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

首尔都市圈市郊铁路线网及运营特征

介绍首尔都市圈轨道交通网络的构成,将其分为市郊铁路、地铁及轻轨三大类;从与地铁贯通运营、既有线路互联互通、运营主体多元化3个方面总结首尔都市圈市郊铁路的线网特点;从快慢线运营、客流指标和经济指标3个方面总结了市郊铁路的运营特征。首尔都市圈市郊铁路的经验与教训对我国市域(郊)铁路建设具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。     

Home-based telecommuting and intra-household interactions in work and non-work travel: A seemingly unrelated censored regression approach

Although telecommuting has become a popular option as a new mode of working, no theoretical or empirical consensus has been reached on its potential for substituting or generating travel. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a household head’s telecommuting on household travel while controlling for the interdependence within a household and across travel purposes, by applying seemingly unrelated censored regression models to data from the 2006 Household Travel Survey in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. In terms of vehicle kilometers traveled, the analysis shows that telecommuters’ non-commute and non-work trips as well as his/her household members’ non-work trips are greater than those of non-telecommuters and their household members’, whereas telecommuting partially reduces commuting trips. However, an analysis stratified by household type reveals that the difference for household members is significant only in households with less than one vehicle per employed member: in such households (with insufficient vehicles available), the vehicle otherwise used for mandatory travel, such as for the household head’s commute, can be used for non-commute purposes or by other household members if the household head does not use it for commuting. This implies that, when vehicle travel budgets of a given household are limited, this compensatory travel mechanism can make optimum use of limited resources (i.e., vehicles), but offsets the travel-substituting effect of telecommuting. Accordingly, to more precisely estimate the impact of telecommuting-promotion policies and apply them as part of travel demand management strategies, their counteracting effects among household members should be considered.     

首尔都市圈的轨道交通发展及其启示

结合首尔都市圈人口发展历程对首尔都市圈范围内城市轨道交通建设历程、网络构成、布局特点及运营管理等内容进行了系统介绍。在此基础上分析了首尔都市圈轨道交通功能层次、衔接方式、空间预留等方面的特征,其对我国城市轨道交通线网规划及建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

东京首尔等城市轨道交通发展的启示

通过考察东京、大阪、首尔的轨道交通线网规划、建设、枢纽换乘及物业发展的基本情况,阐述对这些城市在网络布局、直通运营、枢纽换乘、地下空间开发方面的心得体会;结合广州市轨道交通发展实践,提出轨道交通线网及站点发展的建议.     

迈向可持续的公共交通之路--首尔公交改革的经验与成就(连载)

2004年7月1日,首尔市政府在全市开展了深刻的针对公交系统的整合性改革,这一举措成为迈向可持续性城市交通的重要一步.这次公交改革成功实施的关键在于它将管理机构、创新技术、基础设施的建设以及公交的组织和运营融为一体.经过一系列改革之后,首尔的交通面貌焕然一新：通过进一步协调交通运输容量和需求之间的矛盾,提高了运营效率,增加了乘客人数,使公交运营商的收入自启动集成收费系统之后得到增加.