Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

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现代物流管理的可持续发展

物流业作为第三利润已经成为新兴重要产业，加快发展的同时必须注意经济效益和环境效益的统一，把发展绿色物流作为推进可持续发展的一个方面加以落实。因此，有必要对现代物流在可持续发展背景下做系统深入地研究。     

应用“四点相关法”估算沥青路面铣刨机铣刨滚筒轴的无裂纹寿命

本文根据科芬-曼森(Coffin-Manson)定理,利用材料的静拉伸试验数据,把材料在交变载荷作用下的塑性应变和弹性应变统一起来,应用“四点相关法”在双对数座标上绘制材料应变幅-载荷循环寿命曲线,在铣刨机设计阶段估算铣刨滚筒轴的无裂纹寿命.     

Impacts of motor vehicle operation on water quality in the US – Cleanup costs and policies

This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up.     

上海外环线浦东段(二期)沥青面层技术要点

该文对上海城市外环线浦东段 (二期 )工程沥青面层技术做了简要的介绍 ,提出了施工过程中重点考虑的因素。     

沥青砼路面及压实参数的设备选择

本文介绍了沥青砼路面碾压设备的正确选择及使用以及影响沥青材料碾压效果的主要因素,提出了碾压沥青材料应注意的问题.     

公路施工招投标存在的问题及相应对策

在由计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,由于指导思想及具体操作的偏差,公路施工招投标存在着一些问题,为保证工程建设市场的健康有序发展,必须加大管理力度和约束机制,规范工程招投标行为。     

长江经济带沿江铁路通道规划建设必要性分析

长江经济带发展正式上升为国家战略。沿江铁路通道横跨我国长江经济带,是我国长江经济带发展战略的支撑性通道。以沿江通道区位特征、产业布局、经济特征为依据,通过分析沿江铁路通道的发展现状、存在问题,通道内不同时期铁路运输需求,以及对拟建项目的功能定位进行分析,从而提出沿江铁路通道规划建设的必要性。