成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

时间对复合地基桩间土承载力的影响研究

结合青藏铁路西格段增建二线工程碎石桩复合地基工程实例,通过重型动力触探试验和桩间土承载力计算分析,研究了复合地基桩间土承载力随软土固结时间提高的特性,得到了动力触探曲线随时间变化的规律;理论分析了地基处理后瞬时桩间土承载力与处理前地基承载力的关系,得到了时间对桩间土承载力影响的规律,给碎石桩复合地基的处理效果提供评价依据,为碎石桩复合地基上层的路基施工提供科学指导.     

强夯法加固铁路松软土地基现场试验研究

结合强夯法加固铁路饱和松软土地基的现场测试试验,研究强夯过程中地层孔隙水压力的增长和消散规律、孔隙水压力的空间分布特征、地表位移和地层深处沉降的变化规律以及加固后的地基承载力。结果表明,强夯荷载作用下,孔隙水压力的影响范围可以达到水平距离4.75m和深度6m,在第1遍和第2遍强夯作用后经过约4～6d,孔隙水压力消散率能达到90%以上;同时,土层较深处的沉降量也十分显著,在第1遍强夯荷载作用后,3.8m深处的沉降量可以达到10.7cm。因此,用强夯法加固饱和松软土地基可行,加固后的地基承载力特征值可达240kPa。     

软岩边坡加固中锚索预应力变化影响因素分析

预应力锚索被广泛应用于边坡加固,并获得了良好的加固效果和经济效益,但针对锚索预应力的影响因素及变化规律的研究还不多见。本文简要分析了预应力锚索的受力形式,结合实际软岩边坡工程,比较分析施工期和雨季中大量的监测数据,详细探讨了边坡在最不利时期中影响预应力变化的主要因素及变化特点。主要包括锚索材料、施工影响及外部因素等,对进一步综合归纳预应力变化的规律及计算模型的确定有一定的参考价值。     

采用不同方法处理山区高速公路软基的效果分析

以GZ40勉宁高速公路为例,采用抛石挤淤法、粉喷桩法、孔内深层强夯挤密法和冲填法对不同路段软基进行了处理,通过现场的静荷载试验和面波剖面测试对不同方法的处理效果进行了分析,同时对4种方法进行了社会经济效益评价。分析表明以上4种方法均可适用于山区公路软基处理,而其中孔内深层强夯挤密法处理效果较好,且具有施工方便、速度快、无污染、对周围环境影响小和工程造价低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。     

连云港海相软土基本特性与处理方法探讨

根据连云港地区多条高速公路工程的地质资料,并与我国部分沿海地区软土进行对比,分析连云港海相软土的基本物理力学指标统计特征、抗剪强度特性、固结变形特性以及蠕变特性,并介绍了适合于该海相软土的主要地基处理措施。     

软土地基路堤临界高度确定方法探讨

软土地基上高速公路工程建设中存在路堤临界高度的现象,根据国内外已有的文献资料全面总结了路堤临界高度的3种确定方法:实测资料确定法、理论公式计算法和离心模型试验法。在此基础上,根据某高速公路的大量实测数据,利用多元线性回归分析方法,得到了一个路堤临界高度计算的经验公式,探讨了软土地基硬壳层和软土层厚度与路堤临界高度之间的内在联系。     

A multi-spring model for monopile analysis in soft clays

The offshore wind industry in China has seen a rapid development in recent years and is projected to account for half of global yearly installed capacity in the years to come. Monopiles are a popular foundation solution for supporting offshore wind turbines. However, due to challenging seabed soil conditions, which often feature thick normally consolidated soft clays and harsh environmental loading (i.e. frequent occurrence of typhoons), extremely long monopiles are often designed. The large monopiles are costly to fabricate and install and sometimes kills the viability of the concept in cases where the bedrock is relatively shallow and expensive piling in rock is otherwise required. However, the state-of-practice for designing these monopiles in clays is typically by using the API p-y springs, which are widely known to underestimate soil-pile interaction stiffness and capacity for large diameter monopiles. Improvement to the design method can therefore have significant economic implications to the industry. The paper presents an effort toward this direction. A multi-spring beam-column model suitable for monopile design in soil conditions in China is proposed. The model features three soil spring components, namely the lateral p-y spring, the pile tip base shear s-y spring and rotational m-θ springs along the pile shaft. The validity of the model is verified by a comprehensive suite finite element parametric analyses. Guidance for incorporating the cyclic loading effect into design is also provided. The model proposed in this paper has large potentials for application in design practice.     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

沿海公路反开挖施工中的若干问题

对软土路基的反开挖问题进行了探讨,提出了开挖时间的确定,并论述了基底承载力大小以及反开挖施工合理性问题.