提速干线编组站出发子系统内部匹配与协调关系

分析提速干线编组站货物列车到发时刻不均衡运营特征,根据编组站作业特点和要求,运用排队论和随机过程理论,对出发子系统转场和接车可靠性、临界密集出发时间进行计算分析。认为出发子系统允许的接车延误概率应控制在0.12以内;当区间通过能力利用率在繁忙时间达0.85以上时,出发场的到发线应在10股以上。提高出发子系统转场和接车可靠性的措施包括:提高无调比、适当增加出发场到发线数量、降低编组调车机车的作业负荷、减小出发时间间隔不均衡系数。给出一定出发强度下的临界密集发车时间计算式,便于指导运输组织工作。改善出发子系统匹配与协调关系的有效途径包括:合理配置列检组数、转线接车延误率控制在10%以内、密集到发期间区段通过能力利用率不能超过90%、降低衔接区间发车时间间隔变异系数、连续高密集发车时间不能超过临界发车时间、适当增加分类线及到发线数量、优化列车运行计划、平衡双向系统作业负荷、加强管理、优化运输组织。     

基于Petri网的临床路径诊治系统仿真

提出了基于Petri网的临床路径诊治信息系统的开发方法和功能要求，设计了基于Petri网的临床路径诊治信息系统模型CPN．通过对CPN模型优化与可靠性论证，准确定义了临床诊治行为的控制过程，有效地解决了临床路径的特殊问题，最后通过系统的正常运行验证了设计模型的准确性．     

基于Petri网的高速铁路综合维修作业调度系统的研究

综合维修是高速铁路维修模式的发展方向。高速铁路综合维修作业调度系统基于Petri网建模,通过分析工作流网的活性和有界性,验证了建模的可靠性,提出建模的实现算法,给出综合维修作业调度系统总体结构设计。实际测试表明,系统符合高速铁路综合维修的需求。     

CTCS-3级列控系统RBC切换过程分析

RBC根据轨道电路、联锁进路等信息生成行车许可,通过GSM-R无线通信系统传输给车载设备。受单套RBC控制能力限制,在相邻RBC控制范围的边界处必须实现对列车控制权的安全可靠切换。分别对车载设备采用2部或1部车载电台时的RBC切换过程进行了深入分析,并在详细分析RBC切换过程的基础上,用着色Petri网的支持工具CPNTools对该过程进行了形式化建模,对所建立的模型进行了仿真,对用自然语言描述的RBC切换过程进行了形式化表示和验证。     

基于随机Petri网的GSM-R双层网络建模与性能分析

利用随机Petri网,综合信道降质、链路中断、越区切换、灾害等因素,建立GSM-R的同站址网络与交织站址网络的故障模型,针对同站址与交织站址两种不同的网络结构,给出利用马尔可夫链求解可靠性与可用性的方法。通过马尔可夫链的有关概率分别计算:不同网络结构的可靠性;不同列车运行速度对应不同网络结构的可用性。分析计算结果表明:同站址网络的可靠性与可用性远高于交织站址网络,主要原因是同站址网络中一层基站业务中断时不会导致系统失效,交织站址网络中一层基站业务中断时,并联的另一层相邻两个基站均可以提供业务才不会导致系统失效。另外,同站址网络中越区切换速率较小,有效减小了列车越区切换对可靠性与可用性的影响。     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

Integrated airline planning: Robust update of scheduling and fleet balancing under demand uncertainty

The airline schedule planning problem is defined as the sequence of decisions that need to be made to obtain a fully operational flight schedule. Historically, the airline scheduling problem has been sequentially solved. However, there have already been many attempts in order to obtain airline schedules in an integrated way. But due to tractability issues it is nowadays impossible to determine a fully operative and optimal schedule with an integrated model which accounts for all the key airline related aspects such as competitive effects, stochastic demand figures and uncertain operating conditions. Airlines usually develop base schedules, which are obtained much time in advance to the day of operations and not accounting for all the related uncertainty. This paper proposes a mathematical model in order to update base schedules in terms of timetable and fleet assignments while considering stochastic demand figures and uncertain operating conditions, and where robust itineraries are introduced in order to ameliorate miss-connected passengers. The proposed model leads to a large-scale problem which is difficult to be solved. Therefore, a novel improved and accelerated Benders decomposition approach is proposed. The analytical work is supported with case studies involving the Spanish legacy airline, IBERIA. The presented approach shows that the number of miss-connected passengers may be reduced when robust planning is applied.     

Coloured Petri net-based traffic collision avoidance system encounter model for the analysis of potential induced collisions

The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is a world-wide accepted last-resort means of reducing the probability and frequency of mid-air collisions between aircraft. Unfortunately, it is widely known that in congested airspace, the use of the TCAS may actually lead to induced collisions. Therefore, further research regarding TCAS logic is required. In this paper, an encounter model is formalised to identify all of the potential collision scenarios that can be induced by a resolution advisory that was generated previously by the TCAS without considering the downstream consequences in the surrounding traffic. The existing encounter models focus on checking and validating the potential collisions between trajectories of a specific scenario. In contrast, the innovative approach described in this paper concentrates on quantitative analysis of the different induced collision scenarios that could be reached for a given initial trajectory and a rough specification of the surrounding traffic. This approach provides valuable information at the operational level. Furthermore, the proposed encounter model can be used as a test-bed to evaluate future TCAS logic changes to mitigate potential induced collisions in hot spot volumes. In addition, the encounter model is described by means of the coloured Petri net (CPN) formalism. The resulting state space provides a deep understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship that each TCAS action proposed to avoid an actual collision with a potential new collision in the surrounding traffic. Quantitative simulation results are conducted to validate the proposed encounter model, and the resulting collision scenarios are summarised as valuable information for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems.     

Privacy-preserving MaaS fleet management

On-demand traffic fleet optimization requires operating Mobility as a Service (MaaS) companies such as Uber, Lyft to locally match the offer of available vehicles with their expected number of requests referred to as demand (as well as to take into account other constraints such as driver’s schedules and preferences). In the present article, we show that this problem can be encoded into a Constrained Integer Quadratic Program (CIQP) with block independent constraints that can then be relaxed in the form of a convex optimization program. We leverage this particular structure to yield a scalable distributed optimization algorithm corresponding to computing a gradient ascent in a dual space. This new framework does not require the drivers to share their availabilities with the operating company (as opposed to standard practice in today’s mobility as a service companies). The resulting parallel algorithm can run on a distributed smartphone based platform.     

Airport capacity increase via the use of braking profiles

Many airports are encountering the problem of insufficient capacity, which is particularly severe in periods of increased traffic. A large number of elements influence airport capacity, but one of the most important is runway occupancy time. This time depends on many factors, including how the landing roll procedure is performed. The procedure usually does not include the objective to minimize the runway occupancy time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the way of braking during landing roll has an essential impact on runway throughput and thus on airport capacity. For this purpose, the landing roll simulator (named ACPENSIM) was created. It uses Petri nets and is a convenient tool for dynamic analysis of aircraft movement on the runway with given input parameters and a predetermined runway exit. Simulation experiments allowed to create a set of nominal braking profiles that have different objective functions: minimizing the runway occupancy time, minimizing noise, minimizing tire wear, maximizing passenger comfort and maximizing airport capacity as a whole. The experiments show that there is great potential to increase airport capacity by optimizing the braking procedure. It has been shown that by using the proposed braking profiles it is possible to reduce the runway occupancy time even by 50%.