我国机场货运规模体系评价及优化建议

新形势下,优化中国机场货运规模体系对中国民航高质量发展和民航强国建设具有重要现实意义。从总量规模、货运功能、整体优化水平的多视域角度可以对中国机场货运规模体系进行综合评价。分析表明:(1)目前,我国航空货运形成了"4+3+N"机场发展格局;(2)我国机场货运功能整体呈现"低水平、扁平化"发展态势;(3)我国机场货邮规模体系优化程度有待提高,与美国也存在一定发展差距。本文的政策涵义在于,中国机场货运规模体系优化要有系统性思维,结合当前发展新形势和新机遇,重点应在供需两侧、系统布局、改革协同三个维度进行顶层设计。     

Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review

There has been significant growth in research on intermodal transport in freight distribution since the 1990s. Differentiating itself from previously published literature reviews, this paper evaluates the current state of this research using Systematic Literature Review methodology. The complementary aims are: (a) to identify the research lines developed and to propose a criterion for classifying the literature, and (b) to discuss the empirical evidence that identifies existing interrelationships. The analysis has enabled three main lines of research to be identified. The first research line, basic principles of intermodal transport, groups together works related to the definition of intermodal transport and the results obtained using this transportation system. The second, improvements to the way that intermodal transport systems work, frames elements and variables that impact intermodal transport systems’ logistics efficiency, such as quality of service, information and communication systems, and freight planning and linkages among system operators to provide an adequate service. Finally, the third line, intermodal transport system modelling, identifies the main variables used to optimise these transport systems, the different focuses and approaches used in modelling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each focus. These research lines take in more specific sublines that incorporate articles that develop related research questions. Lastly, the discussion of the content of each of these research sublines enables us to identify gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research.     

Understanding the impacts of mobile phone distraction on driving performance: A systematic review

The use of mobile phones while driving—one of the most common driver distractions—has been a significant research interest during the most recent decade. While there has been a considerable amount research and excellent reviews on how mobile phone distractions influence various aspects of driving performance, the mechanisms by which the interactions with mobile phone affect driver performance is relatively unexamined. As such, the aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms involved with mobile phone distractions such as conversing, texting, and reading and the driving task, and subsequent outcomes. A novel human-machine framework is proposed to isolate the components and various interactions associated with mobile phone distracted driving. The proposed framework specifies the impacts of mobile phone distraction as an inter-related system of outcomes such as speed selection, lane deviations and crashes; human-car controls such as steering control and brake pedal use and human-environment interactions such as visual scanning and navigation. Eleven literature-review/meta-analyses papers and 62 recent research articles from 2005 to 2015 are critically reviewed and synthesised following a systematic classification scheme derived from the human-machine system framework. The analysis shows that while many studies have attempted to measure system outcomes or driving performance, research on how drivers interactively manage in-vehicle secondary tasks and adapt their driving behaviour while distracted is scant. A systematic approach may bolster efforts to examine comprehensively the performance of distracted drivers and their impact over the transportation system by considering all system components and interactions of drivers with mobile phones and vehicles. The proposed human-machine framework not only contributes to the literature on mobile phone distraction and safety, but also assists in identifying the research needs and promising strategies for mitigating mobile phone-related safety issues. Technology based countermeasures that can provide real-time feedback or alerts to drivers based on eye/head movements in conjunction with vehicle dynamics should be an important research direction.     

Shifting from car to active transport: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

IntroductionA promising way to stimulate physical activity is to promote the choice for active modes of transport (walking and cycling). Over the past years, several interventions and policies have been implemented to stimulate this mode shift. However, information concerning the effectiveness of these interventions and policies is still limited. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions designed to stimulate a shift from car use to cycling or walking and to obtain insight into the intervention tools that have been used to promote and/or implement these interventions.MethodsFive databases were searched and articles published in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish were included. Only studies that focussed on a mode shift from car use towards active transport in a general adult population, which were published in peer reviewed journals and which investigated effectiveness were included. Intervention tools used were categorized by using the model of Hoogerwerf & Herweijer, as either legal, economic (subsidy, reward system, penalty), communicative (written materials, behavioural tools) and physical tools (providing bicycles, providing better bicycle facilities at work, adjustment of the environment).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included described work-place-based interventions, architectural and urbanistic adjustments, population-wide interventions, and bicycle-renting systems. Nearly all studies (except three) showed positive effects concerning a mode shift. Most of the included studies used more than one intervention tool and the tools used differed between types of interventions. However, information about the statistical significance of these results was often lacking and the study methodologies used were not of high quality.ConclusionNearly all studies showed results in a positive direction. However, the quality of the included studies was mostly low and intervention characteristics were poorly described.     

地铁车辆辅助逆变电源分析研究

分析直接逆变方式、斩波降压逆变方式、两重斩波降压逆变方式地铁车辆辅助逆变电源的电路结构方案。结合北京"复八线"地铁车辆进口辅助逆变电源的技术条件,介绍DC750V国产化地铁车辆辅助逆变电源的研制方案和主要技术特点。给出方案的试验波形。     

高速铁路CP0框架控制网数据处理模式与方法研究

框架控制网(CP0)作为高速铁路平面控制测量的起算基准,必须确保其具有较高的精度、可靠性和稳定性。影响CP0最终定位结果的因素较多,如不能正确考虑并处理这些因素,将造成最终定位结果出现较大偏差无法满足精度要求。结合相关项目的测量数据及实践经验,对CP0数据处理模式与方法进行研究分析与总结归纳,在此基础上就基线解算系统误差的消除和削弱,基线解算方案和软件的合理选择,如何进行框架基准的统一与转换,以及基线网平差等方面提出一些原则和方法,不仅解决了CP0框架基准的统一问题,也提高了基线解算的可靠性和精度。     

高职院校"形势与政策"课规范化和制度化建设的初探

《形势与政策》课是高校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分，是每一位大学生的必修课。因此要以规范化制度化建设为重点，加强形势与政策课教学管理。将教学任务编入教学计划是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的基础。加强和提高师资队伍水平是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的关键。开展教学改革是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的生命。     

把系统优化思想融入治理摩托车污染的全过程

本文就把系统优化思想融入摩托车排放控制工作作了探索,并从大系统的规划、管理角度,提出了增加摩托车污染治理投资和重视催化转化器铂族贵金属回收2个方面的建议.     

高安全系统的可靠性设计

从可靠性工程理论的角度,对信号控制系统可靠性设计中遇到的一些问题进行了分析,并结合作者多年负责组织和领导设计团队从事信号控制系统研发设计的实践,阐述了可靠性设计的若干关键技术。     

我国汽车产业升级的系统思考

汽车产业已经成为我国经济的重要支柱之一,对于经济的带动作用很明显,我国汽车产销量已经连续2年位居世界第一,但是我国汽车产业却存在着在全球价值链上处于低端、整车和零部件企业自主创新能力低下、产业集中度低、国际竞争力不足等问题为了促使我国汽车产业的健康发展,急需对我国汽车产业进行升级,而产业升级是一项系统工程,故文章从宏观、中观和微观3个层面对我国汽车产业进行系统思考,并分别提出相应的建议,从宏观层面应加强对整车企业和零部件企业的支持和加强标;住建设;从中观层面应调整产品结构、改善产业结构、调整消费结构和加强行业服务：从微观层面应从技术升级、制造升级、营销升级、管理理念和管理水平升级做起。