公共交通引导的城市空间增长研究——波特兰“精明增长”实践给我们的启示

通过城市公共交通与城市空间增长互动关系的论证,笔者认为运用TOD发展模式引导未来中国大城市空间增长朝着紧凑、集约形态发展具有举足轻重的实际意义.波特兰城市空间”精明增长”实践中突出强调了公共交通对城市用地的引导作用,通过强化城市大运量轨道交通与用地有机结合、复合型用地形态的组合,在西区开发过程中取得了良好的效果.文章借鉴波特兰的城市空间增长实践,结合长春市的城市空间发展现状,分析认为长春市目前仍处于简单外延式空间扩展阶段,为实现城市空间理性发展,应确立以立公共交通为导向的空间发展模式,同时应该完善微观规划设计并建立相应的政策保障体系.     

公交导向发展策略研究及其在中国的应用

该文介绍了国外城市用地布局和交通系统特别是公交系统建设的相互影响的研究,以及在倡导公交导向的土地开发方面的策略及其应用。对我国城市实施TOD策略的现状及应用进行分析,提出适合我国城市发展的土地利用策略和交通体系。     

可持续发展与生态交通

基于城市可持续发展,对城市生态交通进行研究和探讨。提出了生态交通的理念和衡量标准,并讨论了实施生态交通的具体措施。     

基于利益相关者理论对平衡计分卡基本分析框架的修正

平衡计分卡理论从利益相关者角度分析企业业绩评价问题,但在指标体系设计中,该理论并没有很好反映企业与政府、社区等利益相关者之间的关系,这点在现代企业竞争中非常重要,尤其是在我国这样一个市场经济体制还不健全的市场中,忽视与政府和社区的关系显然是一个较严重的缺陷。因此,我国引入平衡计分卡理论,机械地照搬其理论框架并不能很好地解决我国企业的业绩评价问题。本文在界定企业的利益相关者的基础上,对该理论框架增补了一个社会责任维度,将政府与社区作为两个关键的利益相关者纳入企业的评价范围,旨在使该理论本土化,为我国战略业绩评价体系的构建提供较科学的理论基础。     

朝阳市大凌河滨水景观生态环境因子特征分析

本研究对朝阳市大凌河滨水景区与市区环境因子进行了观察与分析,并以速生杨、珍珠梅为例,研究了滨水景区与市区植物光合作用的日变化,对大凌河景观的生态作用进行了科学的探讨。     

深圳公交导向发展规划实践

公交导向发展(TOD)是资源节约、环境友好、土地集约型的精明增长方式,是我国大都市发展的战略选择和必由之路。结合深圳市轨道交通二期工程规划的实践,通过对传统轨道交通规划设计体系存在问题的分析,提出了基于公交导向发展的轨道交通规划设计层次体系,并从宏观、中观、微观三个层面探讨了各层次轨道交通规划与各层次城市规划协调配合的目的、内容和方法,为其他城市开展相关规划提供参考。     

Developing metro-based accessibility: Three aspects of China’s Rail+Property practice

Populous Chinese cities have invested heavily in metro systems and planned proactively for transit-oriented development. Rail plus property (R+P) programs, where metro corporations engage in, and even orchestrate real estate development in or around rail station areas, have been recurrently reported among these cities. However, careful assessment of these programs is still rare in the existing literature. Built upon multiple R+P programs led by Shenzhen Metro Cooperation and/or Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Cooperation, this article fathoms the rationale for R+P programs in Mainland China, the obstacles for oversea private investors’ participation and the balance between profit making and social goods supply. It finds that R+P programs serve as alternative funding sources for expensive metro projects. It decreases municipal governments’ cash flow contribution to those projects, which is mandated by the central government. In addition, local business environment for R+P projects has disadvantaged private sector participation, especially those private investors from overseas. Furthermore, public subsidy to local metro corporations is likely to persist as R+P programs have not been designed for economic value maximization; rather, they are in place because (1) they reduce the cash flow burden of the municipal government; (2) they are tasked by the municipal government to produce a considerable number of affordable public housing.     

台北捷运办理路线、场、站土地开发之检讨及执行成效

台北都会区大众捷运系统为顺利取得捷运系统用地充分土地利用,以捷运土地开发方式提供民众在征收以外之一项选择,从而减少政府财政负担,增加财务效益。并导入以大众运输为导向发之土地开发(Transit Oriented Development TOD)规划理念,同时强化土地开发使用的强度增加使用诱因;规划健全捷运转乘需求,以达到运具整合之功能,并纳入公共元素,进行整体开发。为了捷运土地开发能更顺利、公平、效率的推动,藉本文将施行成效及与相关捷运场、站共同开发之案例进行检讨,提供其他类似开发案参考。     

Planktonic community structure and carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea as a result of monsoonal forcing: the application of a generic model

The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO₂ predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO₂ outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior.     

Connectivity analysis of the global shipping network by eigenvalue decomposition

ABSTRACT

Maritime shipping necessitates flexible and cost-effective port access worldwide through the global shipping network. This paper presents an efficient method to identify major port communities, and analyses the network connectivity of the global shipping network based on community structure. The global shipping network is represented by a signless Laplacian matrix which can be decomposed to generate its eigenvectors and corresponding eigenvalues. The largest gaps between the eigenvalues were then used to determine the optimal number of communities within the network. The eigenvalue decomposition method offers the advantage of detecting port communities without relying on a priori assumption about the number of communities and the size of each community. By applying this method to a dataset collected from seven world leading liner shipping companies, we found that the ports are clustered into three communities in the global container shipping network, which is consistent with the major container trade routes. The sparse linkages between port communities indicate where access is relatively poor.