A trace metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) balance for surface waters in the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea

Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are  0.5–1.3 years for Pb;  2–11 years for Zn,  7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected.     

强化设备故障追踪分析,确保电务安全长期稳定

对如何强化设备故障的追踪分析，建立和完善故障汇报、受理、原因查证以及分析、定责等安全管理制度，提出具体的要求和规定，达到减少和防止电务故障的目的。     

益气养血保元方中微量元素对肝癌细胞的影响

本实验通过益气养血保元方(OQP)对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的作用,看到OQP可抑制肝癌细胞~3H-TdR和~(14)C-UR的掺入率,二者间有随OQP剂量增大而抑制率升高的剂量效应关系,提示OQP影响了肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的DNA、RNA合成,直接影响了癌细胞的生长分化,这些作用,可能是通过OQP中低Cu/Zn比值,高硒含量而达到的。临床证实OQP可改善中、晚期肝癌病人一般状况,恢复放疗、化疗病人白血球外,可能对肝癌细胞还有直接抑制生长分化的作用。     

从广济桥稳定性评价及抢险保护设计浅谈古代石拱桥现状评估和保护整治

对杭州广济桥的稳定性评价及抢险保护设计进行简要介绍,阐述现状调查、测量检测评估、数值仿真分析在稳定性评价中的作用,以及对抢险保护设计中桥体修复加固、长期跟踪监测等内容的介绍,在此基础上进一步探讨古代石拱桥现状评估和保护整治思路和方法,为更好地保护古代石拱桥提出参考性建议。     

基于车灯追踪的夜间交通信息采集方法

本文提出了一种专门用于采集夜间交通信息的新方法。车灯是在夜间路网中行驶的车辆最突出的视觉特征,通过对视频图像中的车灯灯光区域进行识别、追踪,可以确定车辆的位置和粗略的轨迹,基于此,可以进行流量、速度等交通参数的计算和统计。本文给出了详细的技术路线描述,并针对流量统计进行了软件程序实现,通过试验,证明了方法的可行性。     

西安地区正常生育力男子的精浆微量元素研究

本文采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了30例有生育力的健康男子精浆中锌、铜、硒、锰、铁、镉、钙及镁8种元素的含量,首次提出了这些元素在精浆中含量的正常估计值范围。精浆中锌、镁及钙之间正相关非常显著,可根据回归方程由三者中的任何1个推算出其它两个的含量。锌及镁还分别与铜正相关,铜与铁负相关。镁含量与精液 pH 负相关,其它元素与精液质量无明显关系。     

Trace element levels in some commercially valuable fish species from coastal waters of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

Concentrations of 5 trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn) were determined in muscle of fishes collected from two coastal areas of the Egyptian coast of the Mediterranean Sea west of Alexandria (El-Mex Bay and Eastern Harbour). Sardinella aurita, Alepes djedaba, Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Sphyraena chrysotoenia, and Scomberomorus commerson were collected from El-Mex Bay. While Boops boops, Lithognathus mormyrus, Sparisoma cretense, Serranus cabrilla and Synodus saurus were collected from the E.H. In all fishes zinc was highest (up to 57 mg/kg) followed by Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd. The concentrations of several metals in fishes were significantly different among the species in each area. For all trace element examined, the concentrations decreased significantly with body weight of some fishes. In contrast, a positive correlation with body weight was found especially for Zn and Cu concentrations in 5 fish species and for Pb in 4 fish species. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were higher in fishes from El-Mex Bay (3.76, 6.49 and 57.21 mg/kg) than those from Eastern Harbour, whereas the opposite trend was observed for Cu and Cr, revealing the direct sources of trace metal pollution present in El-Mex coastal area. Levels of Cr surpassed the Maximum Permissible Concentration in most fish tissues, followed by Pb and Cd in some species. Cu and Zn presented concentrations below the maximum permissible levels in fish tissues.     

Seasonal variability of dissolved major and trace elements in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River Estuary, Southwestern Taiwan

To gain a better understanding of the geochemical behavior of trace elements in estuary and to examine seasonal variations in associated chemical fluxes, more than 50 water samples were collected near the mouth of the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) River, a major river in southwestern Taiwan. These samples, collected in typical dry and wet tropical monsoon seasons during 1999–2004, were analyzed for dissolved major and trace elements and Sr isotopes. Our results show that dissolved Na, Mg, Ca and Cl behave conservatively along the salinity gradient and display significantly larger fluxes in the wet seasons. Vertical profiles of the major elements reveal mainly two end-member mixing between the riverine freshwater and the seawater. Trace elements of B, Sr and U also display conservative distribution in the vertical profiles. In contrast, dissolved Ba and Mn were affected by uptake/release processes involving groundwater, benthic flux and water/sediment interactions. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios also support a scenario of mixing between a more radiogenic continental source and the seawater. It appears that the wet season samples have higher trace element concentrations due to inputs from topsoils and atmospheric dusts. This implies that chemical compositions in river waters respond sensitively to regional climatic changes. The observed high fluxes of B and Sr in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River emphasize the potential impact of mountainous rivers on the global oceanic mass balance of these constituents.     

陕西省长寿区老人头发中微量元素及钙和镁的分析

本文对陕西省长寿区老人发中微量元素(锌、锰、铜、铁、镉、铅)及钙、镁进行分析。发现陕西省长寿区老人发中利于键康长寿的锰的含量极显著地高于对照区;人体必需的锌的含量显著地高于对照区:有害于人体的镉的含量极显著地低于对照区;钙的含量也极显著地低于对照区。男性老人发中锌含量极显著地高于女性老人;镉、钙含量显著地低于女性老人。从61岁至90岁的老人发中锰、铜、钙的含量随年龄的增长未见降低;镉、铅的含量随年龄的增长未见明量升高。结果表明陕西省长寿区老人发中有较优越的微量元素谱。本文对实验结果中与抗衰老有关问题进行了讨论.     

Natural variability in exposure to fine particles and their trace elements during typical workdays in an urban area

Studies on the natural human exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and their elements composition are practically non-existent in South America. In order to understand the natural exposure of the typical Brazilian population to PM_2.5 and their trace element composition, we measured PM_2.5 concentrations and collected mass on filters for nine continuous hours during a typical workday of volunteers. In addition, bus routes were performed at peak and non-peak periods, mimicking the routine activity of the population. Mean concentrations of PM_2.5 in the bus and car groups were similar while the fraction of BCe was higher for the bus group. For all routes, mean PM_2.5 concentrations were higher during peak than non-peak hours, with an average of 43.5 ± 33.1 μg m⁻³ and 14.3 ± 10.2 μg m⁻³, respectively. The trace elements S, K and Na originated mainly from vehicle emissions; Na was associated with the presence of biofuel in diesel. Toxic elements (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn) were found at low levels as evident by the total hazard index that ranged from 2.15 × 10⁻⁰³ to 1.38 for volunteers. For all routes, the hazard index ranged from 2.25 × 10⁻⁰³ to 5.03. Average PM_2.5 respiratory deposition dose was estimated to be 0.60 μg/kg-hour for peak hours. Potential health damages to people during their movements and at workplaces close to the traffic were identified. Improvements in the design of the building to reduce the entrance of air pollutants as well as the use of filters in the buses could help to limit population exposure.