基于便携式排放测试系统与BP神经网络的大型客车排放预测

以大型客车为研究对象,在长沙市的不同道路工况下进行了车载排放测试,借助道路测试得到的数据,利用BP神经网络,以逐秒的速度、加速度、比功率和油耗数据为输入,建立CO2、CO和NOx的排放预测模型,并用部分试验数据进行了验证.结果表明,CO2、CO和NOx预测结果的总体相关系数R为0.9167,线性高度相关,在整体误差水平...     

基于顾客满意度的多目标模糊车辆优化调度问题研究

不确定信息条件下的车辆优化调度问题是当前车辆调度研究领域的一个热点问题。在对车辆优化调度问题的概念及其发展状况进行简要介绍的基础上，通过引入模糊预约时间的概念，从顾客满意度的角度研究了模糊不确定信息条件下的多目标车辆优化调度问题。     

一种具有模糊费用系数的VSP的修正C-W节约算法

将传统的确定性车辆调度问题扩展为具有模糊特征的模糊车辆调度问题．在对具有模糊费用系数的车辆调度问题进行简单描述的基础上，构建了模糊车辆调度的数学模型；通过Gaufmann-Gupta模糊数排序方法与传统车辆调度问题的C—W节约算法的有效结合，提出了解决该问题的一种改进C—W节约算法．最后，给出了一个算例．     

基于运行工况的旅游城镇小客车排放测算

获取车辆的实际运行工况,是准确进行污染物排放测算的关键工作.以韶山为例,通过调查本地驾驶员和外地驾驶员在不同道路类型上驾驶小客车行驶的逐秒GPS数据,统计分析相应的运行工况分布并导入MOVES模型,采用先按类分解再聚类合计的方法测算污染物排放因子,据此评估交通管理与控制策略对污染物排放的影响.研究发现,采用MOVES默认的运行工况分布,得出的排放结果将会产生较大误差;相对于外地驾驶员,韶山本地驾驶员平均车速更高,车辆比功率分布更离散,运行工况的差别使得本地驾驶员的污染物排放因子在所有道路类型上全部高于外地驾驶员,景区道路上高出更多;韶山实施游客换乘方案后, 2016年8月各污染物总减排比例为73%~78%.     

Optimization of Wiedemann and Fritzsche car-following models for emission estimation

Recent studies have provided that the vehicle trajectories generated by car-following models may not represent the real driving characteristics, thus leading to significant emission estimation errors. In this paper, two of the most widely used car-following models, Wiedemann and Fritzsche models, were selected and analyzed based on the massive field car-following trajectories in Beijing. A numerical simulation method was designed to generate the following car’s trajectories by using the field trajectories as the input. By comparing the simulated and the filed data, the representativeness of the simulated regime fractions and VSP distributions were evaluated. Then, the mechanism of car-following models was investigated from the aspects of regime determination and the acceleration rule in each regime. Further, the regime threshold parameters and acceleration model were optimized for emission estimations. This study found that the “Following” regime threshold of SDX and the maximum acceleration in “Free Driving” regime are critical parameters for Wiedemann model. The differences between the Wiedemann simulated VSP distribution and the field one can be reduced separately by applying the optimized SDX and maximum acceleration model individually. However, a much sharper reduction was observed by optimizing both parameters simultaneously, and the emission estimation errors were further reduced, which were less than 4% in the case studies. Fritzsche model generated more realistic VSP distributions and emissions, while the maximum accelerations could be further optimized for high speed conditions.     

轻型车与重型车高速公路比功率分布特征研究

在机动车油耗排放测算中,机动车比功率已经成为一个重要的参数.目前主要的油耗排放模型均采用比功率分布（VSP分布）结合油耗排放率的方法来进行微观油耗排放测算.为了将交通流状态与机动车油耗排放相结合,之前的研究已经对轻型车在城市道路上的行程速度与VSP分布之间的关系进行分析.本文将通过实例研究轻型车和重型车在高速公路上的VSP 分布特征.首先,采集轻型车和重型车在高速公路上实际运行的数据并以此建立轻型车和重型车的VSP分布;其次,对两种车型在高速公路上的VSP分布特征进行比较分析;最后,利用MOVES中提取到的油耗率,分析使用轻型车的VSP分布来进行重型车油耗测算所产生的误差.     

面向生态驾驶的智能手机应用的开发与检验

激烈驾驶行为导致的排放在机动车排放中占有较高的比重.本研究尝试开发 并检验一款生态驾驶智能手机应用,以实时提醒驾驶员减少激烈驾驶行为,从而减少机 动车排放.为此,本研究基于Android 手机平台,通过实时监测机动车比功率（Vehicle Specific Power , VSP）的方法,开发出可给予驾驶员实时提醒的手机应用.然后,利用车载 尾气监测系统（Portable Emission Measurement System, PEMS）和全球定位系统（Global Positioning System, GPS）,收集测试车辆在使用生态驾驶智能手机应用前、后的逐秒排放 和速度数据.实测数据显示,在使用该生态驾驶手机应用的情况下,测试车辆的VSP分布 形态发生了改变,导致其排放状况也随之发生变化.测试车辆排放物中的CO,CO2 和NOx 排放量降低,而HC排放则有所升高.     

Analysis of real driving gaseous emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles

Increasingly strict emissions standards are providing a major impetus to vehicle manufactures for developing advanced powertrain and after-treatment systems that can significantly reduce real driving emissions. The knowledge of the gaseous emissions from diesel engines under steady-state operation and under transient operation provides substantial information to analyze real driving emissions of diesel vehicles. While there are noteworthy advances in the assessment of road vehicle emissions from real driving and laboratory measurements, detailed information on real driving gaseous emissions are required in order to predict effectively the real-time gaseous emissions from a diesel vehicle under realistic driving conditions. In this work, experiments were performed to characterize the behavior of NOx, unburned HC, CO, and CO₂ emitted from light-duty diesel vehicles that comply with Euro 6 emissions standards. The driving route fully reflected various real-world driving conditions such as urban, rural, and highway. The real-time emission measurements were conducted with a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) including a Global Positioning System (GPS). To investigate the gaseous emission characteristics, authors determined the road load coefficients of vehicle specific power (VSP) and regression coefficient between fuel use rate and VSP. Furthermore, this work revealed the correlation between the rates of average fuel use and each gaseous emission.     

基于比功率参数的北京市柴油公交车行驶和排放特征研究

利用车载尾气检测设备和GPS系统收集了北京市重型柴油公交车实际行驶和排放数据,引入汽车比功率(VSP)参数,建立柴油公交车排放预测方法,并对柴油公交车的实际运行和排放特征进行了分析.行驶特征分析表明,公交车在北京市五环内的平均速度为17.17km/h,其80%以上行驶处于VSP区间[-1,3]kW/t;排放特征分析表明,柴油公交车瞬时高排放集中在VSP≥lOkW/t区间,表明高加速或快速行驶是引起瞬时高排放的主要原因.